- 6 Sections
- 481 Lessons
- 365 Days
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- Ancient Indian History114
- 1.11.1 Sources тАУ Archaeology
- 1.21.2 Sources тАУ Literacy
- 1.31.3 Sources тАУ Foreign account
- 1.41.4 Sources тАУ Approaches to the Study of Early Indian History
- 1.51.5 Sources тАУ Ancient Indian Historiography
- 1.61.6 Sources тАУ Land Ownership in Ancient India
- 1.72.1 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Geographical Factors
- 1.82.2 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Paleolithic Period: Hunting and Gathering
- 1.92.3 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Mesolithic Period: Hunting and Gathering
- 1.102.4 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Mesolithic Art: Rock Paintings
- 1.112.5 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Beginning of Agriculture in Neolithic and Chalcolithic
- 1.122.6 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Chalcolithic Pottery as a Source of History
- 1.133.1 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilisation: Origin
- 1.143.2 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilisation: Date and Extent
- 1.153.3 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilization: Characteristics and Significance
- 1.163.4 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilization: Art and Crafts
- 1.173.5 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilization: Architecture
- 1.183.6 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Subsistence Pattern of Harappan Civilisation
- 1.193.7 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Harappan Religious and Funerary Beliefs
- 1.203.8 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Harappan Trade
- 1.213.9 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Political System of Harappa Civilization
- 1.223.10 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Harappan Script
- 1.233.11 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Seals of Harappan Civilization: Seals and Sealings
- 1.243.12 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Decline and Survival of Indus Valley Civilisation
- 1.254.1 Megalithic Cultures тАУ Megalithic Culture
- 1.265.1 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Expansions of Aryans in India
- 1.275.2 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Vedic Period
- 1.285.3 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Vedic Literature: Religious and Philosophic Literature
- 1.295.4 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Transformation from Rig Vedic Period to Later Vedic Period
- 1.305.5 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Later Vedic: Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system
- 1.316.1 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Formation of States (Mahajanapadas): Republic and Monarchies
- 1.326.2 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Rise of Urban Centres; Trade routes; Economic Growth
- 1.336.3 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Introduction of Coinage
- 1.346.4 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Spread of Buddhism
- 1.356.5 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Spread of Jainism
- 1.366.6 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Similarities & Differences between Jainism and Buddhism
- 1.376.7 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Rise of Magadha Empire and Nandas
- 1.386.8 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Iranian and Macedonian Invasions and Their Impact
- 1.397.1 Mauryan Empire тАУ Maurya Empire
- 1.407.2 Mauryan Empire тАУ Mauryan Empire: Art, Architecture and Sculpture
- 1.417.3 Mauryan Empire тАУ Disintegration of the Mauryan Empire
- 1.427.4 Mauryan Empire тАУ Sunga Dynasty*
- 1.437.5 Mauryan Empire тАУ Kanva Dynasty (75 BCE тАУ 30 BCE)*
- 1.448.1 Post-Mauryan Period: Contact with Outside World
- 1.458.2 Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas
- 1.468.3 Post-Mauryan: Growth of Urban Centres, Economy, Coinage
- 1.478.4 Post-Mauryan Period: Development of Religions
- 1.488.5 Post-Mauryan Period: Society (Social Conditions)
- 1.498.6 Post-Mauryan Period: Literature and Science
- 1.508.7 Post-Mauryan Period: Art, Architecture, Culture
- 1.519.1 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Kharavela Dynasty
- 1.529.2 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ The Satavahanas
- 1.539.3 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Cheras, Cholas & Pandyas
- 1.549.4 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Economy of the Sangam Age
- 1.559.5 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Social Development
- 1.569.6 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Literature and Culture
- 1.579.7 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Administration
- 1.589.8 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Economy, Land Grants
- 1.599.9 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Coinage
- 1.609.10 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Trade Guilds and Urban Centres
- 1.619.11 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Buddhist Centres
- 1.629.12 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Art and Architecture
- 1.6310.1 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Gupta Empire
- 1.6410.2 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Polity and Administration of Gupta Empire
- 1.6510.3 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas Society: Caste system, Position of Women
- 1.6610.4 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Economic conditions
- 1.6710.5 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Coinage of the Gupta Period
- 1.6810.6 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Land Grants in Gupta period
- 1.6910.7 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Decline of Urban Centres
- 1.7010.8 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Indian feudalism
- 1.7110.9 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Education and Educational Institutions (Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi)
- 1.7210.10 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Literature, Scientific Literature
- 1.7310.11 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Gupta Period: Art and Architecture
- 1.7410.12 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Paintings of Gupta period
- 1.7510.13 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Ajanta Arts
- 1.7610.14 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Vakataka Dynasty
- 1.7710.15 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Vardhana Dynasty: Harshavardhana
- 1.7811.1 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Kadamba Dynasty (345тАУ540 CE)
- 1.7911.2 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pallava Dynasty
- 1.8011.3 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ The Chalukyas of Badami (Badami Chalukyas)
- 1.8111.4 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Regional States during Gupta Era: Polity and Administration
- 1.8211.5 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions, Tamil Bhakit Movement
- 1.8311.6 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Shankaracharya and Vedanta
- 1.8411.7 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita
- 1.8511.8 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Palas: Polity and administration
- 1.8611.9 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Rashtrakutas: Polity and administration
- 1.8711.10 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Senas: Polity and administration
- 1.8811.11 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Paramaras: Polity and administration
- 1.8911.12 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Palas: Cultural Aspects
- 1.9011.13 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Rashtrakutas: Cultural Aspects
- 1.9111.14 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Arab Conquest of Sind
- 1.9211.15 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ AlbiruniтАЩs India
- 1.9311.16 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Chalukyas of Kalyani (Western Chalukyas)
- 1.9411.17 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Cholas: Polity and Administration
- 1.9511.18 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Hoysalas : Polity and Administration
- 1.9611.19 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pandyas: Polity and Administration
- 1.9711.20 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Chola: Local Government
- 1.9811.21 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Chola: Art and Architecture
- 1.9911.22 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Hoyasala: Art and Architecture
- 1.10011.23 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pandyas: Art and Architecture
- 1.10111.24 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Cholas : Economy, Society, Education and Literature
- 1.10211.25 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pandyas: Economy, Society, Education and Literature
- 1.10312.1 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Themes in Early Indian Cultural History: Languages and Texts
- 1.10412.2 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Major Stages in the evolution of Art and Architecture
- 1.10512.3 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Mathura School of Arts
- 1.10612.4 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Gandhara school of Arts
- 1.10712.5 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Amaravati School of Arts
- 1.10812.6 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Orthodox & Unorthodox Systems of Indian Philosophy
- 1.10912.7 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Six Schools of Indian Philosophy
- 1.11012.8 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Unorthodox Schools: Ajivika and Charvaka School
- 1.11112.9 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Major Philosophical Thinkers and Schools: Tantricism
- 1.11212.10 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Major Philosophical Thinkers and Schools: Shaktism
- 1.11312.11 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Money lending in Ancient India
- 1.11412.12 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Slavery in Ancient India
- Medieval Indian History128
- 2.11.1 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Major Political Developments
- 2.21.2 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Origin and the Rise of Rajputs
- 2.31.3 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Cholas: Administration, Village economy and Society
- 2.41.4 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Indian Feudalism in Early Medieval Period
- 2.51.5 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Agrarian Economy in Early Medieval India
- 2.61.6 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Urban Settlements in Early Medieval India
- 2.71.8 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Society in Early Medieval India
- 2.81.7 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Trade and Commerce in Early Medieval India
- 2.91.9 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Condition of Women (Early Medieval India, 750-1200)
- 2.101.10 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Indian Science and Technology in Early Medieval India
- 2.112.1 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Shnkaracharya and Vedanta; Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita
- 2.122.2 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Shnkaracharya and Vedanta; Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita
- 2.132.3 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Madhvacharya and Brahma Mimansa
- 2.142.5 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Islam and its arrival in India
- 2.152.6 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Sufi Movements
- 2.162.8 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Growth of Tamil Literature
- 2.172.7 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Literature in Sanskrit
- 2.182.9 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Literature in the newly developing Languages
- 2.192.10 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ KalhanтАЩs Rajtarangini
- 2.202.12 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Odisha Temple Architecture (Early Medieval)
- 2.212.11 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ AlbiruniтАЩs India
- 2.222.14 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Khajuraho Temple Architecture (Early Medieval)
- 2.232.13 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Kashmir Temple Architecture (Early Medieval)
- 2.242.4 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Tamil Devotional Cult, Growth of Bhakti, Bhakti Movement
- 2.252.15 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Temple Architecture: Temples in Gujarat and Rajasthan
- 2.262.16 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Temple Architecture in South India
- 2.272.17 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Painting: Cultural Tradition in india (750- 1200)
- 2.283.1 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Mahmud of Ghazni (Mahmud Ghaznavi)
- 2.293.3 The Thirteenth Century тАУ The Ghurian Invasions тАУ Factors behind Ghurian Success
- 2.303.2 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Muhammad Ghori (Muhammad of Ghor)
- 2.313.4 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Foundation of Delhi Sultanate: Rule of Iltutmish
- 2.323.5 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Foundation of Delhi Sultanate: Rule of Balban
- 2.334.1 The Fourteenth Century тАУ The Khalji Revolution
- 2.344.2 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and Territorial expansion, Agrarian and Economic Measures
- 2.354.3 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Muhammad Tughluq: Major Projects, Agrarian measures, Bureaucracy
- 2.364.5 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Shams Siraj AfifтАЩs Account: Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
- 2.374.4 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Firuz Tughluq: Agrarian Measures, Achievements in Civil Engineering and Public Works, Decline of the Sultanate
- 2.384.6 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Foreign Contact: Ibn BattutaтАЩs accounts
- 2.394.7 The Fourteenth Century тАУ The Mangol threat to India during Sultanate period
- 2.405.1 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Government and Administration under the Delhi Sultanate
- 2.415.2 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Agricultural Production
- 2.425.3 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Rise of Urban Economy and Non-Agricultural Production
- 2.435.4 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Trade and Commerce
- 2.445.5 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Composition of rural society, Ruling classes
- 2.455.6 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Town dwellers, Women, Religious classes, Caste and Slavery
- 2.465.7 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Lekhapaddhati as a Source of History
- 2.475.8 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Sultanate Architecture and New structural forms in 13th & 14th Centuries
- 2.485.9 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Persian Literature, Literature in the regional languages of North India, Literature in the languages of South India
- 2.495.10 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Painting, Music, Evolution of Composite Culture
- 2.505.11 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Amir Khusrau and his Contribution
- 2.515.12 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Educational development during Sultanate Period
- 2.526.1 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal
- 2.536.2 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Gujarat
- 2.546.3 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Malwa
- 2.556.4 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Lodis
- 2.566.5 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Kashmir (Zainul Abedin)
- 2.576.6 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Vijayanagara Empire: Politics, State, Society and the Economy
- 2.586.7 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Society in Vijaynagar Empire
- 2.596.8 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Bahmani Kingdom (Bahmanids)
- 2.606.9 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Portuguese Colonial Enterprise
- 2.616.10 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Central Asian Politics and the advance of Babar towards India
- 2.626.11 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Mughal Empire, First Phase: Babur
- 2.636.12 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Mughal Empire, First Phase: Humayun
- 2.646.13 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ The Sur Empire: Sher ShahтАЩs Administration
- 2.656.14 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Tamil Devotional Cult, Growth of Bhakti, Bhakti Movement
- 2.666.15 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Sufi Movements
- 2.677.1 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Provincial Architecture: Bengal and Jaunpur
- 2.687.2 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Provincial Architecture: Gujarat
- 2.697.3 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Provincial Architecture: Deccan
- 2.707.4 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Malwa Architecture
- 2.717.5 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Rana KumbhaтАЩs Cultural Contribution
- 2.727.6 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Architecture, Culture, Literature and Arts in Vijayanagara Empire
- 2.738.1 Akbar тАУ Conquest and Consolidation of Empire
- 2.748.2 Akbar тАУ Rajput Policy of Akbar
- 2.758.3 Akbar тАУ State under Akbar: Establishment of Jagir & Mansab Systems
- 2.768.4 Akbar тАУ Land Revenue System under Akbar
- 2.778.5 Akbar тАУ AkbarтАЩs Religious Views and Social Reforms
- 2.788.6 Akbar тАУ Foreign Policy of Akbar
- 2.799.1 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Mughal Administration
- 2.809.2 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Mughal Land Revenue System
- 2.819.3 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Rajput Policy of Akbar
- 2.829.4 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Rajput Policy of Jahangir
- 2.839.5 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Religious Policies of Jahangir
- 2.849.8 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Religious Policies of Aurangzeb
- 2.859.6 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Religious Policies of Shahjahan
- 2.869.9 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Rajput Policy of Aurangzeb
- 2.879.7 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ War of Succession by ShahjahanтАЩs Sons: Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh
- 2.889.10 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Revolts against Aurangzeb
- 2.899.11 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Nature of Mughal State
- 2.909.12 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Mughal Theory of Sovereignty
- 2.919.13 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Foreign Policy of Mughals in Northwest
- 2.929.14 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Deccan Policy of Mughals
- 2.939.15 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Late Seventeenth-century Crisis and the Revolts
- 2.949.16 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Peasant Revolts of Jats, Satnamis, Sikhs and Marathas
- 2.959.17 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ The Ahom Kingdom
- 2.969.18 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Shivaji and The Early Maratha Kingdom
- 2.9710.1 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Population in Mughal India
- 2.9810.2 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Fiscal and Monetary System, Prices in Mughal India
- 2.9910.3 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Agriculture Production in Mughal India
- 2.10010.4 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Craft Production in Mughal Period (16th and 17th Century)
- 2.10110.5 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Towns
- 2.10210.6 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French Companies
- 2.10310.7 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Indian Mercantile Classes, Banking, Insurance and Credit Systems in Mughal India
- 2.10410.8 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Condition of Peasants in the 16th and 17th Centuries
- 2.10510.9 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Potentiality of Emergence of Capitalism in Mughal India
- 2.10610.10 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Condition of Women in the 16th and 17th Centuries
- 2.10710.11 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Evolution of the Sikh Community and the Khalsa Panth
- 2.10810.12 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ BernierтАЩs Account of India
- 2.10911.1 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Persian Histories and other Literature (Mughal India)
- 2.11011.2 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Hindi and Religious Literatures in Mughal India
- 2.11111.3 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Mughal Architecture
- 2.11211.4 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Mughal Painting
- 2.11311.5 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Rajput Painting
- 2.11411.6 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Architecture: Bijapur
- 2.11511.7 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Architecture: Kashmir
- 2.11611.8 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Pahari School of Painting
- 2.11711.9 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Painting: Deccan Painting
- 2.11811.10 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Painting: Patna Kalam Painting
- 2.11911.11 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Classical Music in Mughal India
- 2.12011.12 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Science and Technology in Mughal India
- 2.12112.1 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire
- 2.12212.2 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Regional Principalities: NizamтАЩs Deccan, Bengal, Awadh
- 2.12312.3 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Maratha Ascendancy under the Peshwas
- 2.12412.4 The Eighteenth Century тАУ The Maratha Fiscal and Financial System
- 2.12512.5 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Nature of Political System of Marathas
- 2.12612.6 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Emergence of Afgan Power
- 2.12712.7 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Third Battle of Panipat
- 2.12812.8 The Eighteenth Century тАУ State of Politics, Culture and Economy on the eve of the British Conquest
- Modern Indian History111
- 3.11.1 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The Portuguese in India
- 3.21.2 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The Dutch in India
- 3.31.3 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The English in India
- 3.41.4 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The French in India
- 3.51.5 European Penetration into India тАУ The Carnatic Wars: First, Second, and Third Carnatic Wars
- 3.61.6 European Penetration into India тАУ Conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal
- 3.72.1 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: Bengal
- 3.82.2 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: Mysore
- 3.92.3 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: The Marathas
- 3.102.4 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: The Punjab
- 3.113.1 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Regulating Act of 1773: From Diarchy to direct control
- 3.123.3 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The PittтАЩs India Act (1784)
- 3.133.4 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ Charter Act of 1793
- 3.143.5 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Charter Act of 1813
- 3.153.6 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Charter Act of 1833
- 3.163.7 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Charter Act of 1853
- 3.173.2 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Act of Settlement 1781
- 3.183.8 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The English Utilitarian and India
- 3.193.9 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ British Paramountcy over the Princely States
- 3.204.1 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Permanent Settlement: Land Revenue Systems in British India
- 3.214.4 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Commercialization of Agriculture during British Rule in India
- 3.224.5 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Rise of landless agrarian labourers
- 3.234.2 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Ryotwari Settlement: Land Revenue System in British India
- 3.244.6 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Impoverishment of the Rural Society under British Rule
- 3.254.9 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Drain of wealth: Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule
- 3.264.3 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Mahalwari Settlement: Land Revenue System in British India
- 3.274.10 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Economic transformation of India
- 3.284.7 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Deindustrialisation & Decline of traditional crafts
- 3.294.11 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Railroad and Communication Network including Telegraph and Postal Services
- 3.304.8 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Rise of Modern Industries in British India
- 3.314.12 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Famine and Poverty in the Rural interior
- 3.324.13 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ European Business Enterprise and its limitations
- 3.335.1 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The State of indigenous education, its dislocation
- 3.345.2 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy
- 3.355.3 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The Introduction of Western Education in India
- 3.365.4 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The Rise of Press, Literature and Public Opinion
- 3.375.5 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The Rise of Modern Vernacular Literature
- 3.385.6 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ Progress of Science in Colonial India
- 3.395.7 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ Christian missionary activities in India
- 3.406.1 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Raja Ram Mohan Roy (Brahmo Movement) & Devendranath Tagore
- 3.416.2 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
- 3.426.3 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ The Young Bengal Movement
- 3.436.4 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Arya Samaj & Dayanada Saraswati
- 3.446.5 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Theosophical Society
- 3.456.6 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Ramakrishna Movement and Vivekananda
- 3.466.7 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Sikh and Parsi Reform Movements
- 3.476.8 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ The Social reform movements in India including Sati, Widow remarriage, Child marriage
- 3.486.9 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ The Contribution of Indian Renaissance to the growth of Modern India
- 3.496.10 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic revivalism: The Faraizi Movement
- 3.506.11 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic Revivalism: The Wahabi Movement
- 3.516.12 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic Revivalism: The Deoband Movement
- 3.526.13 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic revivalism: Ahmedia Movement
- 3.536.14 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Aligarh Movement
- 3.547.1 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Rangpur Dhing Rebellion (1783)
- 3.557.2 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Kol Rebellion (1832)
- 3.567.3 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Mopla Rebellion of 1921 in Malabar
- 3.577.4 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)
- 3.587.5 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Indigo Revolt (1859-60)
- 3.597.6 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Deccan Uprising (Deccan Riots): 1875
- 3.607.7 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan Movement): [1899-1900]
- 3.617.8 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Pabna Revolt (1873тАУ76) тАУ Pabna Peasant Uprising
- 3.627.9 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ The Great Revolt of 1857
- 3.637.10 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ The Shift in the Character of Peasant Uprisings in the Post-1857 Period
- 3.647.11 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ The Peasant Movements of the 1920s and 1930s
- 3.658.1 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism
- 3.668.2 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Political Association before Indian National Congress
- 3.678.3 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Foundation of Indian National Congress
- 3.688.4 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Programme and Objectives of Early Congress
- 3.698.5 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of Congress
- 3.708.6 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Social Composition of early Congress Leadership
- 3.718.7 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Moderates and Extremists
- 3.728.8 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Partition of Bengal (1905)
- 3.738.9 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal
- 3.748.10 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Surat Split of INC, 1907
- 3.758.11 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Beginning of Revolutionary Extremism in India
- 3.768.12 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Home Rule Movement (1915тАУ1916)
- 3.778.13 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Lucknow Pact, 1916
- 3.789.1 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Philosophy and Ideas of Mahatma Gandhi
- 3.799.2 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Rise of Gandhi and Early Actvism
- 3.809.3 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Khilafat Movement and Non-Cooperation Movement
- 3.819.4 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Swarajists and No Changers
- 3.829.5 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Bardoli Satyagraha, 1928
- 3.839.6 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Simon Commission
- 3.849.7 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Nehru Report, Delhi Proposal and JinnahтАЩs Fourteen Demands
- 3.859.8 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Civil Disobedience Movement
- 3.869.9 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Round Table Conferences
- 3.879.10 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Communal Award and Poona Pact
- 3.889.11 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Nationalism and the Peasant Movements
- 3.899.12 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Nationalism and Working Class Movements
- 3.909.13 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Praja Mandal Movements in Princely States
- 3.919.14 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Women in Indian Politics (1885-1947)
- 3.929.15 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Election of 1937 and formation of Congress Ministries
- 3.939.16 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ August Offer & Individual Satyagraha
- 3.949.17 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Cripps Mission
- 3.959.18 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Quit India Movement (1942-1944)
- 3.969.19 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ C. R. formula or Rajaji Formula (1944)
- 3.979.20 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Wavell Plan and Shimla Conference 1945
- 3.989.21 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ INA Trial and RIN Mutiny
- 3.999.22 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Cabinet Mission Plan
- 3.10010.1 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ ViceRoyтАЩs Executive Council & Imperial Legislative Council
- 3.10110.2 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Government of India Act 1858
- 3.10210.3 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Indian Councils Act 1861
- 3.10310.4 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Indian Councils Act 1892
- 3.10410.5 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909 (Indian Councils Act 1909)
- 3.10510.6 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms & Government of India Act, 1919
- 3.10610.7 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Government of India Act 1935
- 3.10711.1 Other strands in the National Movement тАУ The Revolutionaries: Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, UP, Madras Presidency, Outside India
- 3.10811.2 Other strands in the National Movement тАУ Transfer of Power & Independence
- 3.10911.3 Other strands in the National Movement тАУ The Left; Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Congress Socialist Party; Communist Party of India, Other Left Parties
- 3.11012.1 Politics of Separatism тАУ Strategy and Ideologies of the Indian National Movement
- 3.11112.2 Politics of Separatism тАУ Politics of Separatism; Communalism and the Politics of Partition
- Post-Independence Indian History14
- 4.11.1 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ NehruтАЩs Foreign Policy
- 4.21.2 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ India and her Neighbours (1947-1964)
- 4.31.3 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ The Linguistic Reorganisation of States
- 4.41.4 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Regionalism and Regional Inequality
- 4.51.5 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Integration of Princely States
- 4.61.6 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Backward Castes in Post-colonial Electoral Politics
- 4.71.7 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Question of National Language
- 4.82.1 Caste and Ethnicity after 1947- Backward Castes in Post-colonial Electoral Politics
- 4.92.2 Caste and Ethnicity after 1947- Tribes in Post-colonial Electoral Politics
- 4.102.3 Caste and Ethnicity after 1947- Dalit Movements After 1947 (Post Independent India)
- 4.113.1 Economic development and political Change тАУ Land Reforms in Post-Colonial India
- 4.123.2 Economic development and political Change тАУ Politics of Planning and Rural Reconstruction
- 4.133.3 Economic development and political Change тАУ Ecology and Environmental Policy in Post-Colonial India
- 4.143.4 Economic development and political Change тАУ Progress of Science in Post-independent India
- World History89
- 5.11.1 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Enlightenment & Roots of Enlightenment
- 5.21.2 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Major ideas of Enlightenment: Kant
- 5.31.3 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Major ideas of Enlightenment: Rousseau
- 5.41.4 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Enlightened Despotism/ Enlightened Absolutism
- 5.51.5 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Developments and Legacy of Enlightenment
- 5.61.6 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Spread of Enlightenment in the Colonies
- 5.71.7 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Rise of Socialist Ideas upto Marx
- 5.81.8 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Spread of Marxian Socialism
- 5.92.1 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Origins of Modern Politics: European State System
- 5.102.2 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ American Revolution
- 5.112.3 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Causes of the American Revolution
- 5.122.4 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Effects of the American Revolution
- 5.132.5 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ American Constitution & ItтАЩs Main Features
- 5.142.6 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ The Congress of Vienna 1814тАУ1815
- 5.152.7 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution and itтАЩs Causes (1789-1815)
- 5.162.8 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: National Assembly 1789-91
- 5.172.9 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: Legislative Assembly 1791-92
- 5.182.10 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: National Convention (1792-1795)
- 5.192.11 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Nature of French Revolution
- 5.202.12 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: The Consulate (1799-1804)
- 5.212.13 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Causes of the Excesses of the French Revolution
- 5.222.14 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ American Civil War and Abolition of Slavery
- 5.232.15 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Causes of American Civil War
- 5.242.16 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ British Democratic Politics 1815-1850: Parliamentary Reformers
- 5.252.17 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850: Free Traders
- 5.262.18 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ British Democratic Politics 1815-1850: Chartists
- 5.273.1 Industrialization тАУ English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society
- 5.283.2 Industrialization тАУ Industrialization in USA
- 5.293.3 Industrialization тАУ Industrialization in Germany
- 5.303.4 Industrialization тАУ Industrialisation in Russia
- 5.313.5 Industrialization тАУ Industrialization in Japan
- 5.323.6 Industrialization тАУ Industrialisation and Globalisation
- 5.334.1 NationтАРState System тАУ Emergence of Nation State System
- 5.344.2 NationтАРState System тАУ Rise of Nationalism in 19th Century (Nation State)
- 5.354.3 NationтАРState System тАУ Eastern Question: Rise and itтАЩs Development
- 5.364.4 NationтАРState System тАУ Eastern Question: Crimean War
- 5.374.5 NationтАРState System тАУ Eastern Question: From Treaty of Paris to Treaty of Berlin
- 5.384.6 NationтАРState System тАУ Nationalism: State-building in Germany
- 5.394.7 NationтАРState System тАУ Nationalism: State-building in Italy
- 5.404.8 NationтАРState System тАУ Unification of Italy
- 5.414.9 NationтАРState System тАУ Comparison between Italian Unification and German Unification
- 5.425.1 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: South-East Asia
- 5.435.2 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: Latin America
- 5.445.3 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: South Africa
- 5.455.4 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: Australia
- 5.465.5 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Free Trade: Rise of Neo-imperialism
- 5.475.6 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: The Great Game
- 5.486.1 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ 19th Century European revolutions
- 5.496.2 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ The Russian Revolution of 1917-21
- 5.506.3 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ Nazi Counter-Revolution: Germany
- 5.516.4 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ Fascist Counter-Revolution: Italy
- 5.526.5 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ Chinese Revolution
- 5.537.1 World Wars тАУ World War I: The world in 1914
- 5.547.2 World Wars тАУ World War I: Events Leading To the Outbreak Of War
- 5.557.3 World Wars тАУ World War I: Causes Of the World War I
- 5.567.4 World Wars тАУ World War I: Events And Character of the World War I
- 5.577.5 World Wars тАУ World War I: Impact of the World War I
- 5.587.6 World Wars тАУ Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles
- 5.597.7 World Wars тАУ World War I: League of Nations
- 5.607.8 World Wars тАУ International Relations Between Two World Wars
- 5.617.9 World Wars тАУ Interwar Period: MussoliniтАЩs Foreign Policy
- 5.627.10 World Wars тАУ Interwar Period: HitlerтАЩs foreign Policy
- 5.637.11 World Wars тАУ Interwar Period: The Policy of Appeasement
- 5.647.12 World Wars тАУ Munich Agreement to Outbreak of the World War II
- 5.657.13 World Wars тАУ World War II
- 5.668.1 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of Two Power Blocs (World after World War II)
- 5.678.2 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of two Power Blocs: Beginnings of the Cold War
- 5.688.3 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of two Power Blocs: Thaw and Escalation
- 5.698.4 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of two Power Blocs: Confrontation through d├йtente
- 5.708.5 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of Third World and Non-alignment
- 5.718.6 The World after World War II тАУ UNO and the Global disputes
- 5.728.7 The World after World War II тАУ Conflict in Middle East
- 5.739.1 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Liberation from Colonial Rule: Latin America
- 5.749.2 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Liberation from Colonial Rule: Arab World-Egypt
- 5.759.3 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Liberation from Colonial Rule: South Africa
- 5.769.4 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Decolonisation of Africa
- 5.779.5 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Decolonization of Algeria
- 5.789.6 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation: Vietnam
- 5.799.7 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation: Indonesia
- 5.809.8 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation: Malaya
- 5.819.9 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation of South-East Asia
- 5.8210.1 Decolonization and Underdevelopment тАУ
- 5.8310.2 Decolonization and Underdevelopment тАУ
- 5.8411.1 Unification of Europe тАУ
- 5.8511.2 Unification of Europe тАУ
- 5.8612.1 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- 5.8712.2 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- 5.8812.3 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- 5.8912.4 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- History Optional Mapping25
- 6.11 Palaeolithic Sites in India
- 6.22 Mesolithic Sites in India
- 6.33 Neolithic Sites in India
- 6.44 Early Harappan Sites
- 6.55 Harappan Sites
- 6.66 Late Harappan Sites
- 6.77 Chalcolithic Sites in India
- 6.88 Megalithic Sites In India
- 6.99 Painted Grey Ware Sites in India
- 6.1010 Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) Sites
- 6.1111 Ancient Ports of India
- 6.1212 Ancient Cave Sites in India
- 6.1313 Ancient Education Centres of India
- 6.1414 Temple Sites in India
- 6.1515 Buddhist Sites in India
- 6.1616 Ancient Jain Sites
- 6.1717 Ancient Capital Cities of India
- 6.1818 Famous Inscription Sites in India
- 6.1919 Edicts of Ashoka
- 6.2020 AshokaтАЩs Inscriptions for Famine Relief
- 6.2121 Ancient Mosque Sites
- 6.2222 Ancient Church Sites in india
- 6.2323 World Heritage Ancient Sites
- 6.2424 Petroglyph Sites in India
- 6.2525 Hominid Fossil Sites
1.1 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Enlightenment & Roots of Enlightenment
рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрди рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ рдХрд╛рдп?
- рддреА рдмреМрджреНрдзрд┐рдХ, рддрд╛рддреНрддреНрд╡рд┐рдХ, рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ рд╣реЛрддреА.
- резрен рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ резрео рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рдд рддреЛ рд╕рдВрдкреВрд░реНрдг рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд╛рдд (рдкреНрд░рд╛рдореБрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рдкрд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдо рдпреБрд░реЛрдк) рдкрд╕рд░рд▓рд╛. рдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд▓рдЦрдВрдбрд╛рд▓рд╛┬ардкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирдпреБрдЧ┬ардХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛┬арддрд░реНрдХрдпреБрдЧ┬ардЕрд╕реЗ рдореНрд╣рдгрддрд╛рдд.
- рд╣реЗ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдордзреНрдпрдпреБрдЧрд╛рдкрд╛рд╕реВрди рдПрдХ рдореЛрдареЗ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрдерд╛рди рджрд░реНрд╢рд╡рд┐рддреЗ.
- рд╣реЗ рдЦрд╛рд▓реАрд▓┬ардореВрд▓рднреВрдд рд╡реИрд╢рд┐рд╖реНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдВрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░реЗ┬ард╡реИрд╢рд┐рд╖реНрдЯреНрдпреАрдХреГрдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ:
- рддрд░реНрдХ/ рд╡рд┐рд╡реЗрдХрд╡рд╛рдж
- рддреНрдпрд╛рдд рдорд╛рдирд╡реА рддрд░реНрдХрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЧреМрд░рд╡ рд╣реЛрдд рдЕрд╕реЗ.
- рддрд░реНрдХрд╢рдХреНрддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЬреЛрд░рд╛рд╡рд░ рдорд╛рдгреВрд╕ рд╕рддреНрдпрд╛рдкрд░реНрдпрдВрдд рдкреЛрд╣реЛрдЪреВ рд╢рдХрддреЛ, рдЕрд╕реНрддрд┐рддреНрд╡рд╛рдЪреЗ рдирд┐рдпрдорди рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд░реЗ рдиреИрд╕рд░реНрдЧрд┐рдХ рдирд┐рдпрдо рд╢реЛрдзреВ рд╢рдХрддреЛ, рдЬрдЧ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░реВ рд╢рдХрддреЛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдорд╛рдирд╡реА рдкреНрд░рдЧрддреАрдХрдбреЗ рдиреЗрдК рд╢рдХрддреЛ, рдЕрд╕рд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕ рд╣реЛрддрд╛.
- рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдордиреБрд╖реНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рддрд░реНрдХрдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХреНрд╖рдорддреЗрд╡рд░, рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд╡рд░ рд╡рд░реНрдЪрд╕реНрд╡ рдЧрд╛рдЬрд╡рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛рдВрдХрдбреЗ рдкрд╛рд╣рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕реНрд╡рддрдГрд╕рд╛рдареА рдирд┐рд░реНрдгрдп рдШреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХреНрд╖рдорддреЗрд╡рд░ рд▓рдХреНрд╖ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░рд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реЗ.
- рдирд┐рд╕рд░реНрдЧрд╡рд╛рдж/ рдиреИрд╕рд░реНрдЧрд┐рдХ рдирд┐рдпрдо
- рдЕрд▓реМрдХрд┐рдХ рдзрд░реНрдорд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реАрдп рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рдп рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрди рдорд╛рдВрдбрд▓рд╛.
- рдЕрд╕реЗ рдорд╛рдирд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдХреА рдиреИрд╕рд░реНрдЧрд┐рдХ рдирд┐рдпрдо (рдиреНрдпреВрдЯрдирдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╢реЛрдзрд╛рд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреЗ) рд╢реЛрдзрд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдК рд╢рдХрддрд╛рдд рдЬреЗ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рдЪреЗ рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдХрд░рддрд╛рдд.
- рдмреНрд░рд╣реНрдорд╛рдВрдб рд╣реЗ рдПрдХ рдорд╣рд╛рдХрд╛рдп рдпрдВрддреНрд░ рдорд╛рдирд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рдд рдпрдВрддреНрд░рд╕рд╛рдореБрдЧреНрд░реА рдиреАрдЯ рд╕рдордЬрдд рдирд╕рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рдЕрдбрдерд│рд╛ рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдЭрд╛рд▓рд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдПрдХрджрд╛ рддреНрдпрд╛рдЪреЗ рдирд┐рдпрдорди рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд░реЗ рдореВрд▓рднреВрдд рдирд┐рдпрдо рд╕рдордЬрд▓реЗ рдХреА рд╣реЗ рдпрдВрддреНрд░ рдпреЛрдЧреНрдпрд░рд┐рддреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рдХрд░реЗрд▓.
- рдорд╛рдирд╡реА рдкреНрд░рдЧрддреАрдЪрд╛ рдЖрд╢рд╛рд╡рд╛рдж
- рд╡рд┐рд╡реЗрдХрд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд╛рдврддрд╛ рд╡рд╛рдкрд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдиреИрд╕рд░реНрдЧрд┐рдХ рдирд┐рдпрдорд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдкрдХ рдХрд░реВрди рдорд╛рдирд╡рдЬрд╛рддреАрдЪреА рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░ рдЙрдиреНрдирддреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЕрдВрддрд┐рдо рдкрд░рд┐рдкреВрд░реНрдгрддрд╛ рд╢рдХреНрдп рдЖрд╣реЗ рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕рд╛рд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрди рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ.
- рдорд╛рдирд╡рддрд╛рд╡рд╛рдж[рд╕рдВрдкрд╛рджрди]ред
- рд╣реЗ рдорд╛рдирд╡рд╛рднреЛрд╡рддреА рдлрд┐рд░рддреЗ-
- рдорд╛рдирд╡реА рдХрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдг рдЖрдгрд┐ рдХрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдг, рдорд╛рдирд╡реА рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рддрдВрддреНрд░реНрдп, рдорд╛рдирд╡реА рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╖реНрдард╛ рдЗ.
- рдорд╛рдирд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рд░реЛрдЦреВрди рдзрд░рдгрд╛рд░реА рдХреЛрдгрддреАрд╣реА рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛ рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛ рддреА рдирд╛рдХрд╛рд░рддреЗ. рд╕рдорд╛рдЬ, рдЪрд░реНрдЪ, рдирд┐рд░рдВрдХреБрд╢ рд░рд╛рдЬреЗрд╢рд╛рд╣реА рд╡рдЧреИрд░реЗ рдЕрд╕реВ рд╢рдХрддреЗ.
- рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЕрдерд▓рд┐рдХ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдорд╛рдЬрд╛рдд рдЦреЛрд▓рд╡рд░ рд░реБрдЬрд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдЖрд╡реНрд╣рд╛рди рджрд┐рд▓реЗ.
- рд╣реЗ рдорд╛рдирд╡рд╛рднреЛрд╡рддреА рдлрд┐рд░рддреЗ-
- рд╡реНтАНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рд╡рд╛рдж
- рддреНрдпрд╛рдд рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддреАрдЪреЗ рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡ рдЖрдгрд┐ рддреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЬрдиреНрдордЬрд╛рдд рд╣рдХреНрдХрд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рднрд░ рджреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓рд╛.
- рд╕рд╛рдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рддрд╛рд╡рд╛рдж
- рд╡реЗрдЧрд╡реЗрдЧрд│реНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддреА, рд╢реНрд░рджреНрдзрд╛, рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдпрд╛рдВрдд рд╕рдорд╛рди рдЧреБрдг рдЕрд╕рддрд╛рдд, рд╣реА рд╕рдВрдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА.
- рддрд░реНрдХ/ рд╡рд┐рд╡реЗрдХрд╡рд╛рдж
- рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдЪреЗ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдХ рд╣реЛрддреЗ:
- рдЕрд░реНрдерд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдереЗрддреАрд▓ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдгрд╛ (рдЙрджрд╛. рдЕреЕрдбрдо рд╕реНрдорд┐рде рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛)
- рдХрд╛рдпрджреНрдпрд╛рддреАрд▓ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдгрд╛ (рдЙрджрд╛. рдЬреЗрд░реЗрдореА рдмреЗрдВрдердо рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛)
- рдиреИрддрд┐рдХрддреЗрддреАрд▓ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдгрд╛ (рдЙрджрд╛. рдЗрдореЕрдиреНрдпреБрдПрд▓ рдХрд╛рдВрдЯ рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛)
- рдзрд░реНрдорд╛рддреАрд▓ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдгрд╛ (рдЙрджрд╛. рд╡реНрд╣реЛрд▓реНрдЯреЗрдЕрд░рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛)
- рд╕рдорд╛рдЬрд╛рддреАрд▓ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдгрд╛ (рдЙрджрд╛. рд░реВрд╕реЛрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛) рд╡рдЧреИрд░реЗ.
- рдпрд╛ рд╡рдпрд╛рдд рд╕рдВрдШрд░реНрд╖рд╛рд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛┬ард╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рд╕рдВрдШрд░реНрд╖┬ардЭрд╛рд▓рд╛:
- рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рддрдВрддреНрд░реНрдп рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╣реБрдХреВрдорд╢рд╛рд╣реА,
- рдкреНрд░реЛрдЯреЗрд╕реНрдЯрдВрдЯ рдзрд░реНрдо рдЖрдгрд┐ рдХреЕрдерд▓рд┐рдХ рдзрд░реНрдо,
- рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдХрд╛рд░рдг[рд╕рдВрдкрд╛рджрди]ред
рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдЪреА рдкрд╛рд░реНрд╢реНрд╡рднреВрдореА / рдореБрд│рдВ
- рдордзреНрдпрдпреБрдЧрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рд╣рд╕реНрд░рдХрд╛рдд рдЕрдврд│ рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рднрдХреНрддреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЕрдерд╛рд╣ рдХреНрд░реМрд░реНрдп рд╣реЛрддреЗ.
- рдордзреНрдпрдпреБрдЧрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рддреНрдпрд╛ рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ реЛ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдд рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдХрдбреЗ рдЬреЗрд╡рдвреА рддрд╛рдХрдж рд╣реЛрддреА, рддрд┐рддрдХреА рдХреНрд╡рдЪрд┐рддрдЪ рдЖрдзреА рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдирдВрддрд░ рд╣реЛрддреА.
- рдкрд╡рд┐рддреНрд░ рд░реЛрдорди рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдкрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЕрд╕рд▓реНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рдзрд░реНрдордпреБрджреНрдзрд╛рдВрд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдореЛрд╣рд┐рдорд╛ рдХрд╛рд╣реА рдЕрдВрд╢реА рдзрд░реНрдорджреНрд░реЛрд╣реА рд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рд╢реЛрдзреВрди рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдЫрд│ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓реНрдпрд╛. рдЕрд╕реЗ рдХрдареЛрд░ рдЕрдиреНрдпрд╛рдп рд╢реЗрд╡рдЯреА рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрдирд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдирд╛рд░рд╛рдЬ рдХрд░рддреАрд▓ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдмрджрд▓рд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдШрд╛рдмрд░рд╡рддреАрд▓.
- рд╡рд┐рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рд▓рд╛ рдЕрдиреЗрдХрджрд╛ рдзрд░реНрдорджреНрд░реЛрд╣реА рдорд╛рдирд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдпрдЪреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЬреЗ рдЪрдорддреНрдХрд╛рд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╢реНрд░рджреНрдзреЗрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЗрддрд░ рдмрд╛рдмреА рд╕рдордЬрд╛рд╡реВрди рд╕рд╛рдВрдЧрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпрддреНрди рдХрд░рдд рдЕрд╕рдд рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдХрдареЛрд░ рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рднреЛрдЧрд╛рд╡реА рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рдЕрд╕реЗ.
- рд╕рдорд╛рдЬ рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреАрдмрджреНрдз рд╣реЛрддрд╛, рдЧреБрд▓рд╛рдордЧрд┐рд░реА рд╣реА рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдкрдХ рдкреНрд░рдерд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА.
- рд╡реИрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдХ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рддрдВрддреНрд░реНрдп рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдмрджреНрджрд▓ рдХреЛрдгрддреЗрд╣реА рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рдирд╡реНрд╣рддреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдмрд░реНрдпрд╛рдЪ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрди рд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдзрд░реНрдорд╛рдЪреА рднреАрддреА рд╡рд╛рдЯрдд рд╣реЛрддреА – рдПрдХрддрд░ рджрдпрд╛рд│реВ рджреЗрд╡рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╣рд╛рддреВрди рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдХрдзреАрдХрдзреА рдХреНрд░реВрд░ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╣рд╛рддреВрди.
- рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рдЬреНрдЮ рдЬреЙрди рд▓реЙрдХ рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░┬ардкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдЪреА рддрд╛рддреНрдХрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХ рдкрд╛рд░реНрд╢реНрд╡рднреВрдореА рдорд╛рдирд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛рдд. (рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рдирдВрддрд░ рд╕рд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддрд░ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХреЗрд▓реА рдЬрд╛рдИрд▓)
- рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХреНрд░рд╛рдВрддрд┐:
- рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрди рд╣реЗ рд╕реЛрд│рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рддрд░рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рдд рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдмреМрджреНрдзрд┐рдХ рдмрджрд▓рд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢рд╛рд▓ рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рдЪреЗ рдлрд▓рд┐рдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ.
- рдпрд╛рддреАрд▓ рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╛рдд рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рд╛рдЪрд╛ рдмрджрд▓ рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХреНрд░рд╛рдВрддреА.
- рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХреНрд░рд╛рдВрддреАрдореБрд│реЗ рд╕реНрд╡рддрдВрддреНрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рдореЛрдХрд│рд╛ рдЭрд╛рд▓рд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЧрдгрд┐рдд, рдЦрдЧреЛрд▓рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░, рднреМрддрд┐рдХрд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░, рд░рд╛рдЬрдХрд╛рд░рдг, рдЕрд░реНрдерд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░, рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡реИрджреНрдпрдХрд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░ рдпрд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдЪрдВрдб рдЕрджреНрдпрдпрд╛рд╡рдд рд╡ рд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рд░ рдЭрд╛рд▓рд╛.
- рдЬреЗ рдирд╡реЗ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдЙрджрдпрд╛рд╕ рдЖрд▓реЗ рддреЗ рдердХреНрдХ рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд░реЗ рд╣реЛрддреЗ. рд▓реЛрдХ рдЬреНрдпрд╛ рдЙрддреНрд╕рд╛рд╣рд╛рдиреЗ рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдХрдбреЗ рд╡рд│рд▓реЗ рддреЗ рддрд┐рддрдХреЗрдЪ рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рд╛рдЪреЗ рд╣реЛрддреЗ: рдлреНрд░рд╛рдиреНрд╕рдордзреНрдпреЗ рдмреМрджреНрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕рд▓реВрди рд╕реБрд░реВ рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗ, рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рддреНрдордХ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдЭрд╛рд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд╛рдврддреА рд╕рд╛рдХреНрд╖рд░ рд▓реЛрдХрд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдкреБрд╕реНрддрдХреЗ рд╡рд╛рдЪрд▓реА рдЖрдгрд┐ рддреА рдЙрддреНрд╕рд╛рд╣рд╛рдиреЗ рдлрд┐рд░рд╡рд▓реА.
- рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХреНрд░рд╛рдВрддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдд,
- рдпреБрд░реЛрдкреАрдп рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╡рдВрддрд╛рдВрдиреА рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрдирд╛рдВрдиреА рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдиреЗ рдЬрдкрд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ “рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ” рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╕рджреЛрд╖ рд╕рдВрдЪ рдлрд╛рдбреВрди рдЯрд╛рдХрд▓рд╛.
- рдпрд╛ рд╕рджреЛрд╖ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рдЪреА рдЬрд╛рдЧрд╛ рдШреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдВрдиреА рдирд┐рд╕рд░реНрдЧрд╛рдд рдкрд╛рд╣рд┐рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдШрдЯрдирд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рдирд┐рдпрдорди рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд░реЗ рдЦрд░реЗ рдирд┐рдпрдо рд╢реЛрдзреВрди рддреЗ рд╕рд╛рдВрдЧрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпрддреНрди рдХреЗрд▓рд╛.
- рдЧрдВрдордд рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ, рдЬрдЧрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рдХрд░рдгреЗ рд╣рд╛ рдПрдХ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░рдЪрд╛ рдзрд░реНрдордирд┐рд╖реНрдарддрд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рджреЗрд╡рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рдЪреЗ рдХреМрддреБрдХ рдЖрд╣реЗ, рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕рд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдиреЗрд╣реА рд╕реБрд░реБрд╡рд╛рддреАрд▓рд╛ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдЕрдиреНрд╡реЗрд╖рдгрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдкреНрд░реЛрддреНрд╕рд╛рд╣рди рджрд┐рд▓реЗ.
- рдЧреЕрд▓рд┐рд▓рд┐рдУ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдХреЗрдкреНрд▓рд░
- рдЧреЕрд▓рд┐рд▓рд┐рдУ рдЧреЕрд▓рд┐рд▓реА (резрелремректАУрезремрекреи) рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЬреЛрд╣рд╛рдиреНрд╕ рдХреЗрдкрд▓рд░ (резрелренрез-резремрейреж) рдпрд╛рдВрд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЦрдЧреЛрд▓рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдВрдиреА рдЬреБрдиреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдордЬреБрддреАрдВрд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди рдЪрд┐рдиреНрд╣ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рд╕реБрд░реБрд╡рд╛рдд рдХреЗрд▓реА рддреЗрд╡реНрд╣рд╛ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдЪреА рд╡рд┐рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпреАрдЪреА рдкрд░реЛрдкрдХрд╛рд░реА рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛ рдЕрдЪрд╛рдирдХ рдмрджрд▓рд▓реА.
- рдЧреЕрд▓рд┐рд▓рд┐рдУрд▓рд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдд: рдкреЛрд▓рд┐рд╢ рдЦрдЧреЛрд▓рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рдЬреНрдЮ рдХреЛрдкрд░реНрдирд┐рдХрд╕ рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдВрддрд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рд╕рдорд░реНрдерди рдХреЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдмрджреНрджрд▓ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдХрдбреВрди рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдордирд╛ рдХрд░рд╛рд╡рд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд▓рд╛, рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рдореНрд╣рдЯрд▓реЗ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдХреА рдкреГрдереНрд╡реА рдирд╡реНрд╣реЗ рддрд░ рд╕реВрд░реНрдп рд╕реВрд░реНрдпрдорд╛рд▓реЗрдЪреЗ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рдЖрд╣реЗ – рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╢рд┐рдХрд╡рдгреБрдХреАрдкреНрд░рдорд╛рдгреЗ рдирд╛рд╣реА.
- рдмреЗрдХрди рдЖрдгрд┐ рджреЗрдХрд╛рд░реНрдд
- рдЧреЕрд▓рд┐рд▓рд┐рдУ рдиреЗ рдмрд░реН рдпрд╛рдЪ рдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдкрд╛рд╕реВрди рдЕрд╕реЗ рдореНрд╣рдЯрд▓реЗ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдХреА рдирд┐рд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдг рд╣рд╛ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдЪрд╛ рдПрдХ рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХ рдШрдЯрдХ рдЖрд╣реЗ – рдлреНрд░рд╛рдиреНрд╕рд┐рд╕ рдмреЗрдХрди (1561-1626) рдиреЗ рдЖрдкрд▓реНрдпрд╛┬ардкреНрд░реЗрд░рдХ рдкрджреНрдзрддреАрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░реЗ┬ардПрдХ рдореБрджреНрджрд╛ рджреГрдв рдХреЗрд▓рд╛ рдЬреЛ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдп рдирд┐рд╖реНрдХрд░реНрд╖рд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рдпреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреЗ рд╕рд╛рдзрди рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдирд┐рд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдг рдЖрдгрд┐ рддрд░реНрдХрд╛рд╡рд░ рдЬреЛрд░ рджреЗрддреЛ.
- рд░реЗрдиреЗ рджреЗрдХрд╛рд░реНрдд (резрелрепрем-резремрелреж) рдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рднреЗрдиреЗ рдЧрдгрд┐рддрд╛рдкрд╛рд╕реВрди рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рдкрд░реНрдпрдВрдд рдЪрд╛рдЪрдкрдгреА рдХреЗрд▓реА.
- “рдорд▓рд╛ рд╡рд╛рдЯрддреЗ, рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдореА рдЖрд╣реЗ” рдпрд╛ рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдирд┐рд╖реНрдХрд░реНрд╖рд╛рдкрд░реНрдпрдВрдд рддреЛ рдкреЛрд╣реЛрдЪрд▓рд╛- рдЗрддрд░ рдХрд╛рд╣реА рдирд╕рд▓реЗ рддрд░реА рддреЛ рдХрд┐рдорд╛рди рдПрдХ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╢реАрд▓ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдгреА рд╣реЛрддрд╛.
- рдЧрдгрд┐рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рддрд░реНрдХрд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░ рд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд╛рдкрд░ рдХрд░реВрди рджреЗрдХрд╛рд░реНрддрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рдХрдбреЗ рдкрд╛рд╣рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛┬арджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрдирд╛рдиреЗ┬а“рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╕реНрдкрд╖реНрдЯ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡реЗрдЧрд│рд╛ рдкрд╛рдпрд╛” рдпрд╛рд╡рд░ рднрд░ рджрд┐рд▓рд╛.
- рдиреНрдпреВрдЯрди (резремрекреитАУрезренреирен)
- рдиреНрдпреВрдЯрдирдиреЗ рдиреИрд╕рд░реНрдЧрд┐рдХ рдирд┐рдпрдорд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдирд┐рд╖реНрдХрд░реНрд╖рд╛рдВрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░реЗ рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдЪреА рдЬрдореАрдирд╣реА рддрдпрд╛рд░ рдХреЗрд▓реА рд╣реЛрддреА.
- рддреНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рдЕрдиреЗрдХ рдиреИрд╕рд░реНрдЧрд┐рдХ рдирд┐рдпрдо рдЙрдШрдб рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдЬреЗ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рджреИрд╡реА рд╢рдХреНрддреАрдВрдирд╛ рд╢реНрд░реЗрдп рджрд┐рд▓реЗ рдЧреЗрд▓реЗ рд╣реЛрддреЗ.
- рдЧрдгрд┐рдд, рднреМрддрд┐рдХрд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░ (рдЙрджрд╛. рдЧреБрд░реБрддреНрд╡рд╛рдХрд░реНрд╖рдг), рдСрдкреНрдЯрд┐рдХреНрд╕ рдЗрддреНрдпрд╛рджреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рд╛рдВрдд рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рдХрд╛рдо рдХреЗрд▓реЗ.
- рдЕрдиреНрд╡реЗрд╖рдг рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡рд╛рдж
- рдЕрдореЗрд░рд┐рдХрд╛, рдЖрдлреНрд░рд┐рдХрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЖрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛рдЦрдВрдбрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдкрд░рдХреАрдп рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╢реЛрдз рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рд░ рдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд╛рдд рдмрджрд▓ рд╣реЛрдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ.
- рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрди рд╢реЛрдзрдХрд╛рдВрдиреА рдирд╡реАрди рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╢реЛрдз рдШреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдирд╡реАрди рд╡рд╛рд╣рддреВрдХ рддрдВрддреНрд░рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд╛рдкрд░ рдХреЗрд▓рд╛.
- рд╣реЗ рд╢реЛрдзрдХ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рдХрдзреАрд╣реА рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдд рдирд╕рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддреАрдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрдерд╛ рдШреЗрдКрди рдЬрдЧрднрд░рд╛рддреВрди рдкрд░рддрд▓реЗ рддреЗрд╡реНрд╣рд╛ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрдирд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рднрд┐рдиреНрди рдЬреАрд╡рдирд╢реИрд▓реА рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕рд╛рдВрдЪреА рдУрд│рдЦ рдЭрд╛рд▓реА.
- рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕рд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯреАрдХреЛрдирд╛рддреВрди рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╡рдВрддрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрдирд╛рдЪреА рдкреНрд░реЗрд░рдгрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкреНрд░реЗрд░рдгрд╛ рдорд┐рд│рд╛рд▓реА.
- рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдЪрд╛ рдХрдореА рд╣реЛрдд рдЪрд╛рд▓рд▓реЗрд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡
- рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрдирд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЬреАрд╡рдирд╛рдд рдЖрдгрдЦреА рдПрдХ рдореЛрдард╛ рдмрджрд▓ рдЭрд╛рд▓рд╛ рддреЛ рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ рдкрд╛рд░рдВрдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рдкрд╛рд▓рди рдХрдордХреБрд╡рдд рд╣реЛрдгреЗ.
- рдХреЕрдерд▓рд┐рдХ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдлреВрдЯ рдкрд╛рдбрдгрд╛рд▒реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдзрд░реНрдорд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реАрдп рдЪрд░реНрдЪреЗрд╕рд╛рдареА рдирд╡реЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдЙрдШрдбрдгрд╛рд▒реНрдпрд╛┬ардкреНрд░реЛрдЯреЗрд╕реНрдЯрдВрдЯ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдгреЗрдореБрд│реЗ┬ардирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рддрдгрд╛рд╡рд╛рддреВрди рдзрд░реНрдорд╛рдЪрд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди рдЪрд╡реНрд╣рд╛рдЯреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░ рдпреЗрдК рд╢рдХрддреЛ.
- рд╕рддрд░рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдЗрддрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╡рдВрддрд╛рдВрдиреАрд╣реА рд╕рдВрдШрдЯрд┐рдд рдзрд░реНрдорд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрдирдЪрд┐рдиреНрд╣ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкреАрдп рдмреМрджреНрдзрд┐рдХ рд╡рд░реНрддреБрд│рд╛рдд рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рд╢реНрд░рджреНрдзреЗрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдВрдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрдирдЪрд┐рдиреНрд╣ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдХрд░рдгреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдп рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗ.
- рдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХреНрд░рд╛рдВрддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдирд╡реАрди рд╢реЛрдзрд╛рдВрд╕рд╣ рдЪрд░реНрдЪ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдВрддрд╛рдЪреЗ рд╡рд░реНрдЪрд╕реНрд╡ рдореЛрдареНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдорд╛рдгрд╛рдд рдзреЛрдХреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓реЗ.
- рд╢рд┐рд╡рд╛рдп, рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдЪреА рд╣реА рдкреНрд░рдЧрддреА рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрди рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдпрд╛рдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдЖрдзреАрдЪ рд╡рд╛рдврдд рдЪрд╛рд▓рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЪрд░реНрдЪ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛рдВрд╢реА рдЬреБрд│рд▓реА.
- рддреНрдпрд╛ рд╡реЗрд│рдЪреЗ рдХреЕрдерд▓рд┐рдХ рдЪрд░реНрдЪ рдкреНрд░рд╕рд┐рджреНрдз рдкрдгреЗ рднреНрд░рд╖реНрдЯ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рддреЗ рдмрд░реНрдпрд╛рдЪрджрд╛ рдзрдордХрд╛рд╡рдгреЗ, рднреАрддреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЦреЛрдЯреЗ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рд╡рд╛рдкрд░реВрди рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рдХрд░реАрдд рдЕрд╕реЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзрдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рдзрд░реНрдореА рд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдмрджреНрджрд▓ рд╣рд┐рдВрд╕рдХ рдЕрд╕рд╣рд┐рд╖реНрдгреБ рд╣реЛрддреЗ.
- рдкреБрдвреЗ рдЬреЗрд╡реНрд╣рд╛ рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╡рд╛рджреА рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рдЬреНрдЮ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рддрдВрддреНрд░реНрдп рд╛рдЪреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЖрддреНрдорд╕рдмрд▓реАрдХрд░рдгрд╛рдЪреА рд╕реНрддреБрддреА рдХрд░рдд рдЖрд▓реЗ, рддреЗрд╡реНрд╣рд╛ рд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдЗрдЪреНрдЫреВрдХ рдХрд╛рди рд╕рд╛рдкрдбрд▓реЗ.
- рдпреБрджреНрдзрд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛
- рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реА рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд╛рдд рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗрд▓рд╛ рдЖрдгрдЦреА рдПрдХ рдореЛрдард╛ рдмрджрд▓ рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ рдирд┐рд░рдкреЗрдХреНрд╖ рд░рд╛рдЬреЗрд╢рд╛рд╣реАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдиреНрдпрд╛рдпреНрдпрддреЗрд╡рд░ рд╡рд╛рдврд▓реЗрд▓рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди.
- рдпреБрджреНрдзрд╛рдВрд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдШрдбрд╛рдореЛрдбреАрдВрдореБрд│реЗ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкреАрдп рджреИрд╡реА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдЪреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрдордХреБрд╡рдд рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗ- рд░рд╛рдЬреЗ рдЕрдЪреВрдХ рдЖрд╣реЗрдд рдХрд╛рд░рдг рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреА рдкрджрд╡реА рджреЗрд╡рд╛рдиреЗ рджрд┐рд▓реА рд╣реЛрддреА- рдХрдордХреБрд╡рдд рдЭрд╛рд▓реА.
- рддреАрд╕ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдпреБрджреНрдзрд╛рдд (резремрезрео-резремрекрео) рдЬрд░реНрдорди рдЬрдирддреЗрдиреЗ рд╕рд╣рди рдХреЗрд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЕрддреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдореБрд│реЗ рдЖрдШрд╛рдбреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкреАрдп рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╡рдВрддрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рд╡ рд▓реЗрдЦрдХрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдпреБрджреНрдзрд╛рдЪреА рдПрдХ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛ рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдирд┐рдВрджрд╛ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рдкреНрд░реЗрд░рдгрд╛ рдорд┐рд│рд╛рд▓реА.
- – рдЪреЗрдХ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░рдХ рдЬреЙрди рдХреЛрдореЗрдирд┐рдпрд╕ (1592-1670):
- рдпреБрджреНрдзрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░рдЬреЗрд╡рд░ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрдирдЪрд┐рдиреНрд╣ рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реЗ.
- “рдЖрдкрдг рд╕рд░реНрд╡ рдПрдХрд╛рдЪ рдЬрдЧрд╛рдЪреЗ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХ рдЖрд╣реЛрдд, рдЖрдкрдг рд╕рд░реНрд╡ рдПрдХрд╛рдЪ рд░рдХреНрддрд╛рдЪреЗ рдЖрд╣реЛрдд” рдЕрд╕реЗ рд▓рд┐рд╣реВрди рдорд╛рдгрд╕рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдорд╛рдирддреЗрд╡рд░ рднрд░ рджрд┐рд▓рд╛.
- рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рд╡рд╛рджрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рд╡рд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рджреЗрд╢рд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдЬреАрд╡ рджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрдгрд╛рд▒реНрдпрд╛ рдХрд░реНрддрд╡реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛.
- рдбрдЪ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рд╡рдВрдд рд╣реНрдпреВрдЧреЛ рдЧреНрд░реЛрдЯрд┐рдпрд╕ (1583-1645):
- рддреЗ рд▓рд┐рд╣рд┐рддрд╛рдд рдХреА, рдПрдЦрд╛рджреНрдпрд╛ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддреАрдЪрд╛ рд╢рд╛рдВрддрддреЗрдиреЗ рдЬрдЧрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЬрдЧрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдХрд░реНрддрд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдиреЗрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЛрдгрддреНрдпрд╛рд╣реА рдЬрдмрд╛рдмрджрд╛рд░реАрдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЬрд╛рд╕реНрдд рдЖрд╣реЗ.
- рдпреБрджреНрдзрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдд рдорд╛рдгреБрд╕рдХреАрдЪреА рд╡рд╛рдЧрдгреВрдХ рджреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреА рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдСрди рдж рд▓реЙ рдСрдл рд╡реЙрд░ рдЕрдБрдб рдкреАрд╕ (резремреирел) рдпрд╛ рдЧреНрд░рдВрдерд╛рдд рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрдд рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓реА рд╣реЛрддреА, рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдд рдпреБрджреНрдзрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рдзреЛрд░рдгреЗ рдЕрд╢реА рдорд╛рдВрдбрд▓реА рд╣реЛрддреА:
- рдпреБрджреНрдзрд╛рдЪреА рдШреЛрд╖рдгрд╛,
- рдХрд░рд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╕рдиреНрдорд╛рди рдХрд░рдгреЗ, рдЖрдгрд┐
- рдпреБрджреНрдзрдХреИрджреНрдпрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдорд╛рдгреБрд╕рдХреАрдЪреА рд╡рд╛рдЧрдгреВрдХ.
- рдХреЛрдореЗрдирд┐рдпрд╕ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЧреНрд░реЛрдЯрд┐рдпрд╕ рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдпреБрджреНрдзрд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛┬ардпрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрдерд╛рдиреЗ рдкреНрд░рдмреЛрдзрдирд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдШрдбрд╛рдореЛрдбреА рд╣реЛрддреНрдпрд╛ рдХреА рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░реЗрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзрд╛рдд рдЬрд╛рдКрди рдЬрдЧрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдЕрддреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдмрджреНрджрд▓ рдорд╛рдирд╡рддрд╛рд╡рд╛рджреА рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрди рд╕реНрд╡реАрдХрд╛рд░рд▓рд╛.
