Curriculum
- 6 Sections
- 481 Lessons
- 10 Weeks
- Ancient Indian History114
- 1.11.1 Sources тАУ Archaeology
- 1.21.2 Sources тАУ Literacy
- 1.31.3 Sources тАУ Foreign account
- 1.41.4 Sources тАУ Approaches to the Study of Early Indian History
- 1.51.5 Sources тАУ Ancient Indian Historiography
- 1.61.6 Sources тАУ Land Ownership in Ancient India
- 1.72.1 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Geographical Factors
- 1.82.2 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Paleolithic Period: Hunting and Gathering
- 1.92.3 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Mesolithic Period: Hunting and Gathering
- 1.102.4 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Mesolithic Art: Rock Paintings
- 1.112.5 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Beginning of Agriculture in Neolithic and Chalcolithic
- 1.122.6 PreтАРhistory and ProtoтАРhistory тАУ Chalcolithic Pottery as a Source of History
- 1.133.1 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilisation: Origin
- 1.143.2 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilisation: Date and Extent
- 1.153.3 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilization: Characteristics and Significance
- 1.163.4 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilization: Art and Crafts
- 1.173.5 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Indus Valley Civilization: Architecture
- 1.183.6 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Subsistence Pattern of Harappan Civilisation
- 1.193.7 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Harappan Religious and Funerary Beliefs
- 1.203.8 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Harappan Trade
- 1.213.9 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Political System of Harappa Civilization
- 1.223.10 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Harappan Script
- 1.233.11 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Seals of Harappan Civilization: Seals and Sealings
- 1.243.12 Indus Valley Civilization тАУ Decline and Survival of Indus Valley Civilisation
- 1.254.1 Megalithic Cultures тАУ Megalithic Culture
- 1.265.1 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Expansions of Aryans in India
- 1.275.2 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Vedic Period
- 1.285.3 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Vedic Literature: Religious and Philosophic Literature
- 1.295.4 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Transformation from Rig Vedic Period to Later Vedic Period
- 1.305.5 Aryans and Vedic Period тАУ Later Vedic: Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system
- 1.316.1 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Formation of States (Mahajanapadas): Republic and Monarchies
- 1.326.2 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Rise of Urban Centres; Trade routes; Economic Growth
- 1.336.3 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Introduction of Coinage
- 1.346.4 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Spread of Buddhism
- 1.356.5 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Spread of Jainism
- 1.366.6 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Similarities & Differences between Jainism and Buddhism
- 1.376.7 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Rise of Magadha Empire and Nandas
- 1.386.8 Period of Mahajanapadas тАУ Iranian and Macedonian Invasions and Their Impact
- 1.397.1 Mauryan Empire тАУ Maurya Empire
- 1.407.2 Mauryan Empire тАУ Mauryan Empire: Art, Architecture and Sculpture
- 1.417.3 Mauryan Empire тАУ Disintegration of the Mauryan Empire
- 1.427.4 Mauryan Empire тАУ Sunga Dynasty
- 1.437.5 Mauryan Empire тАУ Kanva Dynasty (75 BCE тАУ 30 BCE)
- 1.448.1 Post-Mauryan Period: Contact with Outside World
- 1.458.2 Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas
- 1.468.3 Post-Mauryan: Growth of Urban Centres, Economy, Coinage
- 1.478.4 Post-Mauryan Period: Development of Religions
- 1.488.5 Post-Mauryan Period: Society (Social Conditions)
- 1.498.6 Post-Mauryan Period: Literature and Science
- 1.508.7 Post-Mauryan Period: Art, Architecture, Culture
- 1.519.1 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Kharavela Dynasty
- 1.529.2 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ The Satavahanas
- 1.539.3 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Cheras, Cholas & Pandyas
- 1.549.4 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Economy of the Sangam Age
- 1.559.5 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Social Development
- 1.569.6 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Literature and Culture
- 1.579.7 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Administration
- 1.589.8 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Economy, Land Grants
- 1.599.9 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Coinage
- 1.609.10 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Trade Guilds and Urban Centres
- 1.619.11 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Buddhist Centres
- 1.629.12 Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India тАУ Sangam Age: Art and Architecture
- 1.6310.1 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Gupta Empire
- 1.6410.2 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Polity and Administration of Gupta Empire
- 1.6510.3 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas Society: Caste system, Position of Women
- 1.6610.4 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Economic conditions
- 1.6710.5 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Coinage of the Gupta Period
- 1.6810.6 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Land Grants in Gupta period
- 1.6910.7 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Decline of Urban Centres
- 1.7010.8 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Indian feudalism
- 1.7110.9 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Education and Educational Institutions (Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi)
- 1.7210.10 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Guptas: Literature, Scientific Literature
- 1.7310.11 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Gupta Period: Art and Architecture
- 1.7410.12 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Paintings of Gupta period
- 1.7510.13 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Ajanta Arts
- 1.7610.14 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Vakataka Dynasty
- 1.7710.15 Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas тАУ Vardhana Dynasty: Harshavardhana
- 1.7811.1 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Kadamba Dynasty (345тАУ540 CE)
- 1.7911.2 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pallava Dynasty
- 1.8011.3 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ The Chalukyas of Badami (Badami Chalukyas)
- 1.8111.4 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Regional States during Gupta Era: Polity and Administration
- 1.8211.5 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions, Tamil Bhakit Movement
- 1.8311.6 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Shankaracharya and Vedanta
- 1.8411.7 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita
- 1.8511.8 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Palas: Polity and administration
- 1.8611.9 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Rashtrakutas: Polity and administration
- 1.8711.10 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Senas: Polity and administration
- 1.8811.11 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Paramaras: Polity and administration
- 1.8911.12 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Palas: Cultural Aspects
- 1.9011.13 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Rashtrakutas: Cultural Aspects
- 1.9111.14 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Arab Conquest of Sind
- 1.9211.15 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ AlbiruniтАЩs India
- 1.9311.16 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Chalukyas of Kalyani (Western Chalukyas)
- 1.9411.17 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Cholas: Polity and Administration
- 1.9511.18 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Hoysalas : Polity and Administration
- 1.9611.19 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pandyas: Polity and Administration
- 1.9711.20 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Chola: Local Government
- 1.9811.21 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Chola: Art and Architecture
- 1.9911.22 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Hoyasala: Art and Architecture
- 1.10011.23 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pandyas: Art and Architecture
- 1.10111.24 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Cholas : Economy, Society, Education and Literature
- 1.10211.25 Regional States during Gupta Era тАУ Pandyas: Economy, Society, Education and Literature
- 1.10312.1 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Themes in Early Indian Cultural History: Languages and Texts
- 1.10412.2 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Major Stages in the evolution of Art and Architecture
- 1.10512.3 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Mathura School of Arts
- 1.10612.4 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Gandhara school of Arts
- 1.10712.5 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Amaravati School of Arts
- 1.10812.6 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Orthodox & Unorthodox Systems of Indian Philosophy
- 1.10912.7 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Six Schools of Indian Philosophy
- 1.11012.8 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Unorthodox Schools: Ajivika and Charvaka School
- 1.11112.9 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Major Philosophical Thinkers and Schools: Tantricism
- 1.11212.10 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Major Philosophical Thinkers and Schools: Shaktism
- 1.11312.11 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Money lending in Ancient India
- 1.11412.12 Themes in Early Indian Cultural History тАУ Slavery in Ancient India
- Medieval Indian History128
- 2.11.1 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Major Political Developments
- 2.21.2 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Origin and the Rise of Rajputs
- 2.31.3 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Cholas: Administration, Village economy and Society
- 2.41.4 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Indian Feudalism in Early Medieval Period
- 2.51.5 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Agrarian Economy in Early Medieval India
- 2.61.6 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Urban Settlements in Early Medieval India
- 2.71.8 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Society in Early Medieval India
- 2.81.7 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Trade and Commerce in Early Medieval India
- 2.91.9 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Condition of Women (Early Medieval India, 750-1200)
- 2.101.10 Early Medieval India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Indian Science and Technology in Early Medieval India
- 2.112.1 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Shnkaracharya and Vedanta; Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita
- 2.122.2 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Shnkaracharya and Vedanta; Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita
- 2.132.3 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Madhvacharya and Brahma Mimansa
- 2.142.5 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Islam and its arrival in India
- 2.152.6 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Sufi Movements
- 2.162.8 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Growth of Tamil Literature
- 2.172.7 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Literature in Sanskrit
- 2.182.9 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Literature in the newly developing Languages
- 2.192.10 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ KalhanтАЩs Rajtarangini
- 2.202.12 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Odisha Temple Architecture (Early Medieval)
- 2.212.11 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ AlbiruniтАЩs India
- 2.222.14 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Khajuraho Temple Architecture (Early Medieval)
- 2.232.13 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Kashmir Temple Architecture (Early Medieval)
- 2.242.4 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Tamil Devotional Cult, Growth of Bhakti, Bhakti Movement
- 2.252.15 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Temple Architecture: Temples in Gujarat and Rajasthan
- 2.262.16 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Temple Architecture in South India
- 2.272.17 Cultural Traditions in India, 750тАР1200 тАУ Painting: Cultural Tradition in india (750- 1200)
- 2.283.1 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Mahmud of Ghazni (Mahmud Ghaznavi)
- 2.293.3 The Thirteenth Century тАУ The Ghurian Invasions тАУ Factors behind Ghurian Success
- 2.303.2 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Muhammad Ghori (Muhammad of Ghor)
- 2.313.4 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Foundation of Delhi Sultanate: Rule of Iltutmish
- 2.323.5 The Thirteenth Century тАУ Foundation of Delhi Sultanate: Rule of Balban
- 2.334.1 The Fourteenth Century тАУ The Khalji Revolution
- 2.344.2 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and Territorial expansion, Agrarian and Economic Measures
- 2.354.3 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Muhammad Tughluq: Major Projects, Agrarian measures, Bureaucracy
- 2.364.5 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Shams Siraj AfifтАЩs Account: Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
- 2.374.4 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Firuz Tughluq: Agrarian Measures, Achievements in Civil Engineering and Public Works, Decline of the Sultanate
- 2.384.6 The Fourteenth Century тАУ Foreign Contact: Ibn BattutaтАЩs accounts
- 2.394.7 The Fourteenth Century тАУ The Mangol threat to India during Sultanate period
- 2.405.1 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Government and Administration under the Delhi Sultanate
- 2.415.2 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Agricultural Production
- 2.425.3 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Rise of Urban Economy and Non-Agricultural Production
- 2.435.4 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Trade and Commerce
- 2.445.5 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Composition of rural society, Ruling classes
- 2.455.6 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Town dwellers, Women, Religious classes, Caste and Slavery
- 2.465.7 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Lekhapaddhati as a Source of History
- 2.475.8 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Sultanate Architecture and New structural forms in 13th & 14th Centuries
- 2.485.9 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Persian Literature, Literature in the regional languages of North India, Literature in the languages of South India
- 2.495.10 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Painting, Music, Evolution of Composite Culture
- 2.505.11 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Amir Khusrau and his Contribution
- 2.515.12 Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries тАУ Educational development during Sultanate Period
- 2.526.1 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal
- 2.536.2 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Gujarat
- 2.546.3 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Malwa
- 2.556.4 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Lodis
- 2.566.5 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Kashmir (Zainul Abedin)
- 2.576.6 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Vijayanagara Empire: Politics, State, Society and the Economy
- 2.586.7 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Society in Vijaynagar Empire
- 2.596.8 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Bahmani Kingdom (Bahmanids)
- 2.606.9 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Portuguese Colonial Enterprise
- 2.616.10 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Central Asian Politics and the advance of Babar towards India
- 2.626.11 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Mughal Empire, First Phase: Babur
- 2.636.12 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Mughal Empire, First Phase: Humayun
- 2.646.13 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ The Sur Empire: Sher ShahтАЩs Administration
- 2.656.14 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Tamil Devotional Cult, Growth of Bhakti, Bhakti Movement
- 2.666.15 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАРPolitical Developments and Economy тАУ Sufi Movements
- 2.677.1 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Provincial Architecture: Bengal and Jaunpur
- 2.687.2 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Provincial Architecture: Gujarat
- 2.697.3 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Provincial Architecture: Deccan
- 2.707.4 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Malwa Architecture
- 2.717.5 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Rana KumbhaтАЩs Cultural Contribution
- 2.727.6 The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth CenturyтАР Society and culture тАУ Architecture, Culture, Literature and Arts in Vijayanagara Empire
- 2.738.1 Akbar тАУ Conquest and Consolidation of Empire
- 2.748.2 Akbar тАУ Rajput Policy of Akbar
- 2.758.3 Akbar тАУ State under Akbar: Establishment of Jagir & Mansab Systems
- 2.768.4 Akbar тАУ Land Revenue System under Akbar
- 2.778.5 Akbar тАУ AkbarтАЩs Religious Views and Social Reforms
- 2.788.6 Akbar тАУ Foreign Policy of Akbar
- 2.799.1 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Mughal Administration
- 2.809.2 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Mughal Land Revenue System
- 2.819.3 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Rajput Policy of Akbar
- 2.829.4 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Rajput Policy of Jahangir
- 2.839.5 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Religious Policies of Jahangir
- 2.849.8 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Religious Policies of Aurangzeb
- 2.859.6 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Religious Policies of Shahjahan
- 2.869.9 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Rajput Policy of Aurangzeb
- 2.879.7 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ War of Succession by ShahjahanтАЩs Sons: Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh
- 2.889.10 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Revolts against Aurangzeb
- 2.899.11 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Nature of Mughal State
- 2.909.12 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Mughal Theory of Sovereignty
- 2.919.13 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Foreign Policy of Mughals in Northwest
- 2.929.14 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Deccan Policy of Mughals
- 2.939.15 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Late Seventeenth-century Crisis and the Revolts
- 2.949.16 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Peasant Revolts of Jats, Satnamis, Sikhs and Marathas
- 2.959.17 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ The Ahom Kingdom
- 2.969.18 Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century тАУ Shivaji and The Early Maratha Kingdom
- 2.9710.1 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Population in Mughal India
- 2.9810.2 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Fiscal and Monetary System, Prices in Mughal India
- 2.9910.3 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Agriculture Production in Mughal India
- 2.10010.4 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Craft Production in Mughal Period (16th and 17th Century)
- 2.10110.5 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Towns
- 2.10210.6 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French Companies
- 2.10310.7 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Indian Mercantile Classes, Banking, Insurance and Credit Systems in Mughal India
- 2.10410.8 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Condition of Peasants in the 16th and 17th Centuries
- 2.10510.9 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Potentiality of Emergence of Capitalism in Mughal India
- 2.10610.10 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Condition of Women in the 16th and 17th Centuries
- 2.10710.11 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ Evolution of the Sikh Community and the Khalsa Panth
- 2.10810.12 Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries тАУ BernierтАЩs Account of India
- 2.10911.1 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Persian Histories and other Literature (Mughal India)
- 2.11011.2 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Hindi and Religious Literatures in Mughal India
- 2.11111.3 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Mughal Architecture
- 2.11211.4 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Mughal Painting
- 2.11311.5 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Rajput Painting
- 2.11411.6 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Architecture: Bijapur
- 2.11511.7 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Architecture: Kashmir
- 2.11611.8 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Pahari School of Painting
- 2.11711.9 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Painting: Deccan Painting
- 2.11811.10 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Provincial Painting: Patna Kalam Painting
- 2.11911.11 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Classical Music in Mughal India
- 2.12011.12 Culture during Mughal Empire тАУ Science and Technology in Mughal India
- 2.12112.1 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire
- 2.12212.2 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Regional Principalities: NizamтАЩs Deccan, Bengal, Awadh
- 2.12312.3 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Maratha Ascendancy under the Peshwas
- 2.12412.4 The Eighteenth Century тАУ The Maratha Fiscal and Financial System
- 2.12512.5 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Nature of Political System of Marathas
- 2.12612.6 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Emergence of Afgan Power
- 2.12712.7 The Eighteenth Century тАУ Third Battle of Panipat
- 2.12812.8 The Eighteenth Century тАУ State of Politics, Culture and Economy on the eve of the British Conquest
- Modern Indian History111
- 3.01.1 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The Portuguese in India
- 3.11.2 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The Dutch in India
- 3.21.3 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The English in India
- 3.31.4 European Penetration into India тАУ The Early European Settlements: The French in India
- 3.41.5 European Penetration into India тАУ The Carnatic Wars: First, Second, and Third Carnatic Wars
- 3.51.6 European Penetration into India тАУ Conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal
- 3.62.1 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: Bengal
- 3.72.2 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: Mysore
- 3.82.3 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: The Marathas
- 3.92.4 British Expansion in India тАУ British Expansion in India: The Punjab
- 3.103.1 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Regulating Act of 1773: From Diarchy to direct control
- 3.113.3 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The PittтАЩs India Act (1784)
- 3.123.4 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ Charter Act of 1793
- 3.133.5 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Charter Act of 1813
- 3.143.6 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Charter Act of 1833
- 3.153.7 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Charter Act of 1853
- 3.163.2 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The Act of Settlement 1781
- 3.173.8 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ The English Utilitarian and India
- 3.183.9 Early Structure of the British Raj тАУ British Paramountcy over the Princely States
- 3.194.1 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Permanent Settlement: Land Revenue Systems in British India
- 3.204.4 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Commercialization of Agriculture during British Rule in India
- 3.214.5 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Rise of landless agrarian labourers
- 3.224.2 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Ryotwari Settlement: Land Revenue System in British India
- 3.234.6 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Impoverishment of the Rural Society under British Rule
- 3.244.9 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Drain of wealth: Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule
- 3.254.3 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Mahalwari Settlement: Land Revenue System in British India
- 3.264.10 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Economic transformation of India
- 3.274.7 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Deindustrialisation & Decline of traditional crafts
- 3.284.11 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Railroad and Communication Network including Telegraph and Postal Services
- 3.294.8 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Rise of Modern Industries in British India
- 3.304.12 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ Famine and Poverty in the Rural interior
- 3.314.13 Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule тАУ European Business Enterprise and its limitations
- 3.325.1 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The State of indigenous education, its dislocation
- 3.335.2 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy
- 3.345.3 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The Introduction of Western Education in India
- 3.355.4 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The Rise of Press, Literature and Public Opinion
- 3.365.5 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ The Rise of Modern Vernacular Literature
- 3.375.6 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ Progress of Science in Colonial India
- 3.385.7 Social and Cultural Developments тАУ Christian missionary activities in India
- 3.396.1 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Raja Ram Mohan Roy (Brahmo Movement) & Devendranath Tagore
- 3.406.2 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
- 3.416.3 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ The Young Bengal Movement
- 3.426.4 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Arya Samaj & Dayanada Saraswati
- 3.436.5 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Theosophical Society
- 3.446.6 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Ramakrishna Movement and Vivekananda
- 3.456.7 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Sikh and Parsi Reform Movements
- 3.466.8 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ The Social reform movements in India including Sati, Widow remarriage, Child marriage
- 3.476.9 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ The Contribution of Indian Renaissance to the growth of Modern India
- 3.486.10 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic revivalism: The Faraizi Movement
- 3.496.11 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic Revivalism: The Wahabi Movement
- 3.506.12 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic Revivalism: The Deoband Movement
- 3.516.13 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Islamic revivalism: Ahmedia Movement
- 3.526.14 Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas тАУ Aligarh Movement
- 3.537.1 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Rangpur Dhing Rebellion (1783)
- 3.547.2 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Kol Rebellion (1832)
- 3.557.3 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Mopla Rebellion of 1921 in Malabar
- 3.567.4 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)
- 3.577.5 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Indigo Revolt (1859-60)
- 3.587.6 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Deccan Uprising (Deccan Riots): 1875
- 3.597.7 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan Movement): [1899-1900]
- 3.607.8 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ Pabna Revolt (1873тАУ76) тАУ Pabna Peasant Uprising
- 3.617.9 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ The Great Revolt of 1857
- 3.627.10 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ The Shift in the Character of Peasant Uprisings in the Post-1857 Period
- 3.637.11 Indian Response to British Rule тАУ The Peasant Movements of the 1920s and 1930s
- 3.648.1 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism
- 3.658.2 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Political Association before Indian National Congress
- 3.668.3 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Foundation of Indian National Congress
- 3.678.4 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Programme and Objectives of Early Congress
- 3.688.5 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of Congress
- 3.698.6 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Social Composition of early Congress Leadership
- 3.708.7 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Moderates and Extremists
- 3.718.8 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Partition of Bengal (1905)
- 3.728.9 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal
- 3.738.10 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Surat Split of INC, 1907
- 3.748.11 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Beginning of Revolutionary Extremism in India
- 3.758.12 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ The Home Rule Movement (1915тАУ1916)
- 3.768.13 Early Indian Nationalism тАУ Lucknow Pact, 1916
- 3.779.1 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Philosophy and Ideas of Mahatma Gandhi
- 3.789.2 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Rise of Gandhi and Early Actvism
- 3.799.3 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Khilafat Movement and Non-Cooperation Movement
- 3.809.4 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Swarajists and No Changers
- 3.819.5 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Bardoli Satyagraha, 1928
- 3.829.6 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Simon Commission
- 3.839.7 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Nehru Report, Delhi Proposal and JinnahтАЩs Fourteen Demands
- 3.849.8 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Civil Disobedience Movement
- 3.859.9 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Round Table Conferences
- 3.869.10 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Communal Award and Poona Pact
- 3.879.11 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Nationalism and the Peasant Movements
- 3.889.12 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Nationalism and Working Class Movements
- 3.899.13 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Praja Mandal Movements in Princely States
- 3.909.14 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Women in Indian Politics (1885-1947)
- 3.919.15 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Election of 1937 and formation of Congress Ministries
- 3.929.16 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ August Offer & Individual Satyagraha
- 3.939.17 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Cripps Mission
- 3.949.18 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ Quit India Movement (1942-1944)
- 3.959.19 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ C. R. formula or Rajaji Formula (1944)
- 3.969.20 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Wavell Plan and Shimla Conference 1945
- 3.979.21 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ INA Trial and RIN Mutiny
- 3.989.22 Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhian Era тАУ The Cabinet Mission Plan
- 3.9910.1 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ ViceRoyтАЩs Executive Council & Imperial Legislative Council
- 3.10010.2 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Government of India Act 1858
- 3.10110.3 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Indian Councils Act 1861
- 3.10210.4 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Indian Councils Act 1892
- 3.10310.5 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909 (Indian Councils Act 1909)
- 3.10410.6 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms & Government of India Act, 1919
- 3.10510.7 Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935 тАУ The Government of India Act 1935
- 3.10611.1 Other strands in the National Movement тАУ The Revolutionaries: Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, UP, Madras Presidency, Outside India
- 3.10611.2 Other strands in the National Movement тАУ Transfer of Power & Independence
- 3.10611.3 Other strands in the National Movement тАУ The Left; Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Congress Socialist Party; Communist Party of India, Other Left Parties
- 3.10612.1 Politics of Separatism тАУ Strategy and Ideologies of the Indian National Movement
- 3.10612.2 Politics of Separatism тАУ Politics of Separatism; Communalism and the Politics of Partition
- Post-Independence Indian History14
- 5.11.1 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ NehruтАЩs Foreign Policy
- 5.21.2 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ India and her Neighbours (1947-1964)
- 5.31.3 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ The Linguistic Reorganisation of States
- 5.41.4 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Regionalism and Regional Inequality
- 5.51.5 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Integration of Princely States
- 5.61.6 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Backward Castes in Post-colonial Electoral Politics
- 5.71.7 Consolidation as a Nation тАУ Question of National Language
- 5.82.1 Caste and Ethnicity after 1947- Backward Castes in Post-colonial Electoral Politics
- 5.92.2 Caste and Ethnicity after 1947- Tribes in Post-colonial Electoral Politics
- 5.102.3 Caste and Ethnicity after 1947- Dalit Movements After 1947 (Post Independent India)
- 5.113.1 Economic development and political Change тАУ Land Reforms in Post-Colonial India
- 5.123.2 Economic development and political Change тАУ Politics of Planning and Rural Reconstruction
- 5.133.3 Economic development and political Change тАУ Ecology and Environmental Policy in Post-Colonial India
- 5.143.4 Economic development and political Change тАУ Progress of Science in Post-independent India
- World History89
- 6.01.1 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Enlightenment & Roots of Enlightenment
- 6.11.2 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Major ideas of Enlightenment: Kant
- 6.21.3 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Major ideas of Enlightenment: Rousseau
- 6.31.4 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Enlightened Despotism/ Enlightened Absolutism
- 6.41.5 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Developments and Legacy of Enlightenment
- 6.51.6 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Spread of Enlightenment in the Colonies
- 6.61.7 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Rise of Socialist Ideas upto Marx
- 6.71.8 Enlightenment and Modern ideas тАУ Spread of Marxian Socialism
- 6.82.1 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Origins of Modern Politics: European State System
- 6.92.2 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ American Revolution
- 6.102.3 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Causes of the American Revolution
- 6.112.4 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Effects of the American Revolution
- 6.122.5 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ American Constitution & ItтАЩs Main Features
- 6.132.6 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ The Congress of Vienna 1814тАУ1815
- 6.142.7 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution and itтАЩs Causes (1789-1815)
- 6.152.8 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: National Assembly 1789-91
- 6.162.9 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: Legislative Assembly 1791-92
- 6.172.10 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: National Convention (1792-1795)
- 6.182.11 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Nature of French Revolution
- 6.192.12 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ French Revolution: The Consulate (1799-1804)
- 6.202.13 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Causes of the Excesses of the French Revolution
- 6.212.14 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ American Civil War and Abolition of Slavery
- 6.222.15 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ Causes of American Civil War
- 6.232.16 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ British Democratic Politics 1815-1850: Parliamentary Reformers
- 6.242.17 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850: Free Traders
- 6.252.18 Origins of Modern Politics тАУ British Democratic Politics 1815-1850: Chartists
- 6.263.1 Industrialization тАУ English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society
- 6.273.2 Industrialization тАУ Industrialization in USA
- 6.283.3 Industrialization тАУ Industrialization in Germany
- 6.293.4 Industrialization тАУ Industrialisation in Russia
- 6.303.5 Industrialization тАУ Industrialization in Japan
- 6.313.6 Industrialization тАУ Industrialisation and Globalisation
- 6.324.1 NationтАРState System тАУ Emergence of Nation State System
- 6.334.2 NationтАРState System тАУ Rise of Nationalism in 19th Century (Nation State)
- 6.344.3 NationтАРState System тАУ Eastern Question: Rise and itтАЩs Development
- 6.354.4 NationтАРState System тАУ Eastern Question: Crimean War
- 6.364.5 NationтАРState System тАУ Eastern Question: From Treaty of Paris to Treaty of Berlin
- 6.374.6 NationтАРState System тАУ Nationalism: State-building in Germany
- 6.384.7 NationтАРState System тАУ Nationalism: State-building in Italy
- 6.394.8 NationтАРState System тАУ Unification of Italy
- 6.404.9 NationтАРState System тАУ Comparison between Italian Unification and German Unification
- 6.415.1 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: South-East Asia
- 6.425.2 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: Latin America
- 6.435.3 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: South Africa
- 6.445.4 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: Australia
- 6.455.5 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Free Trade: Rise of Neo-imperialism
- 6.465.6 Imperialism and Colonialism тАУ Imperialism and Colonialism: The Great Game
- 6.476.1 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ 19th Century European revolutions
- 6.486.2 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ The Russian Revolution of 1917-21
- 6.496.3 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ Nazi Counter-Revolution: Germany
- 6.506.4 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ Fascist Counter-Revolution: Italy
- 6.516.5 Revolution and CounterтАРRevolution тАУ Chinese Revolution
- 6.527.1 World Wars тАУ World War I: The world in 1914
- 6.537.2 World Wars тАУ World War I: Events Leading To the Outbreak Of War
- 6.547.3 World Wars тАУ World War I: Causes Of the World War I
- 6.557.4 World Wars тАУ World War I: Events And Character of the World War I
- 6.567.5 World Wars тАУ World War I: Impact of the World War I
- 6.577.6 World Wars тАУ Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles
- 6.587.7 World Wars тАУ World War I: League of Nations
- 6.597.8 World Wars тАУ International Relations Between Two World Wars
- 6.607.9 World Wars тАУ Interwar Period: MussoliniтАЩs Foreign Policy
- 6.617.10 World Wars тАУ Interwar Period: HitlerтАЩs foreign Policy
- 6.627.11 World Wars тАУ Interwar Period: The Policy of Appeasement
- 6.637.12 World Wars тАУ Munich Agreement to Outbreak of the World War II
- 6.647.13 World Wars тАУ World War II
- 6.658.1 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of Two Power Blocs (World after World War II)
- 6.668.2 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of two Power Blocs: Beginnings of the Cold War
- 6.678.3 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of two Power Blocs: Thaw and Escalation
- 6.688.4 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of two Power Blocs: Confrontation through d├йtente
- 6.698.5 The World after World War II тАУ Emergence of Third World and Non-alignment
- 6.708.6 The World after World War II тАУ UNO and the Global disputes
- 6.718.7 The World after World War II тАУ Conflict in Middle East
- 6.729.1 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Liberation from Colonial Rule: Latin America
- 6.739.2 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Liberation from Colonial Rule: Arab World-Egypt
- 6.749.3 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Liberation from Colonial Rule: South Africa
- 6.759.4 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Decolonisation of Africa
- 6.769.5 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Decolonization of Algeria
- 6.779.6 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation: Vietnam
- 6.789.7 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation: Indonesia
- 6.799.8 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation: Malaya
- 6.809.9 Liberation from Colonial Rule тАУ Colonisation and Decolonisation of South-East Asia
- 6.8110.1 Decolonization and Underdevelopment тАУ
- 6.8210.2 Decolonization and Underdevelopment тАУ
- 6.8311.1 Unification of Europe тАУ
- 6.8411.2 Unification of Europe тАУ
- 6.8512.1 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- 6.8512.2 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- 6.8512.3 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- 6.8512.4 Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World тАУ
- History Optional Mapping25
- 7.11 Palaeolithic Sites in India
- 7.22 Mesolithic Sites in India
- 7.33 Neolithic Sites in India
- 7.44 Early Harappan Sites
- 7.55 Harappan Sites
- 7.66 Late Harappan Sites
- 7.77 Chalcolithic Sites in India
- 7.88 Megalithic Sites In India
- 7.99 Painted Grey Ware Sites in India
- 7.1010 Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) Sites
- 7.1111 Ancient Ports of India
- 7.1212 Ancient Cave Sites in India
- 7.1313 Ancient Education Centres of India
- 7.1414 Temple Sites in India
- 7.1515 Buddhist Sites in India
- 7.1616 Ancient Jain Sites
- 7.1717 Ancient Capital Cities of India
- 7.1818 Famous Inscription Sites in India
- 7.1919 Edicts of Ashoka
- 7.2020 AshokaтАЩs Inscriptions for Famine Relief
- 7.2121 Ancient Mosque Sites
- 7.2222 Ancient Church Sites in india
- 7.2323 World Heritage Ancient Sites
- 7.2424 Petroglyph Sites in India
- 7.2525 Hominid Fossil Sites
1.4 Sources тАУ Approaches to the Study of Early Indian History
- рд╕реБрд░реБрд╡рд╛рддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдд рдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдиреБрд░реВрдк рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рд╛рдЪреЗ рдмрджрд▓ рджрд┐рд╕реВрди рдпреЗрддрд╛рдд. рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдз ‘рд╢рд╛рд│рд╛’ рдЕрдиреЗрдХрджрд╛ рдПрдХрд╛ рд╢рд╛рд│реЗрдиреЗ рджреБрд╕рд░реН рдпрд╛ рд╢рд╛рд│реЗрд╕рд╛рдареА рдиреАрдЯрдиреЗрдЯрдХреНрдпрд╛, рдкреБрдврд╛рд░рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдЧрддреАрдд рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рдХрд╛рдврдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рджреГрд╖реНрдЯреАрдиреЗ рдорд╛рдВрдбрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рдордЬреВрди рдШреЗрддрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛рдд.
- рд╡рд╛рд╕реНрддрд╡ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдЧреБрдВрддрд╛рдЧреБрдВрддреАрдЪреЗ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рд╢рд╛рд│рд╛рдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдмрд░реАрдЪ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдзрддрд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА; рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдкреИрдХреА рдХрд╛рд╣реА рдПрдХрдореЗрдХрд╛рдВрд╢реА рд╕рдВрд╡рд╛рдж рд╛рдд рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рд╕рдВрдШрд░реНрд╖рд╛рдд рд╕рд╣рдЕрд╕реНрддрд┐рддреНрд╡рд╛рдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдзрд╛рдиреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзрд╛рдд рдЬрд╛рдгрд╛рд░реЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд│рд╛рддреАрд▓ рдкреНрд░рдмрд│ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реАрдп рдкреНрд░рд╡реГрддреНрддреАрдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдмрд╕рдд рдирд╕рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдЪреА рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдгреЗ рдЖрд╣реЗрдд.
рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рджреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрди
- резрео рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ резреп рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рдд рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рджреА рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдЗрдВрдбреЛрд▓реЙрдЬрд┐рд╕реНрдЯ рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдУрд│рдЦрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдгрд╛рд░реН рдпрд╛ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрди рд╡рд┐рджреНрд╡рд╛рдирд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд▓рд┐рдЦрд╛рдгрд╛рд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рднреБрддреНрд╡ рд╣реЛрддреЗ, рдЬрд░реА рддреЗ рдмрд░реНрдпрд╛рдЪрджрд╛ рд╕реНрд╡рдд: рд▓рд╛ ‘рдЕрдБрдЯрд┐рдХреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд┐рдпрди’ рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рд╡рд░реНрдгрди рдХрд░рддрд╛рдд. рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдкреИрдХреА рдЕрдиреЗрдХрдЬрдг рдИрд╕реНрдЯ рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХрдВрдкрдиреА рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рдЧрд╡реНрд╣рд░реНрдирдореЗрдВрдЯ рдСрдл рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдд рд╣реЛрддреЗ.
- рдЗ.рд╕. резренреорек рдордзреНрдпреЗ рдПрд╢рд┐рдпрд╛рдЯрд┐рдХ рд╕реЛрд╕рд╛рдпрдЯреА рдСрдл рдмрдВрдЧрд╛рд▓рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдиреЗрдиреЗ рдЧреНрд░рдВрдердЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕, рдПрдкрд┐рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдлреА, рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдпрд╛ рд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рд╛рдд рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдгрд╛рд▒реНрдпрд╛ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рддреНрдордХ рд▓рдХреНрд╖ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░рд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реЗ.
- рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рдЧреНрд░рдВрдерд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рд╕рдВрдХрд▓рди, рд╕рдВрдкрд╛рджрди рдЖрдгрд┐ рднрд╛рд╖рд╛рдВрддрд░ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпрддреНрдирд╛рдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдЗрдВрдбреЛрд▓реЙрдЬрд┐рд╕реНрдЯрдЪреЗ рдореЛрдареЗ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рд╣реЛрддреЗ. рдпрд╛рдд рддреЗ ‘рджреЗрд╢реА рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рддреАрджрд╛рд░рд╛рдВ’рдиреА рджрд┐рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рддреАрд╡рд░ рдореЛрдареНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдорд╛рдгрд╛рдд рдЕрд╡рд▓рдВрдмреВрди рдЕрд╕рдд. рдЗрдВрдбреЛрд▓реЙрдЬреА рд▓рд╡рдХрд░рдЪ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдкрд▓реАрдХрдбреЗ рдкрд╕рд░рд▓реА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдпреБрд░реЛрдкрд┐рдпрди рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рдкреАрдард╛рдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдЪрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдмрдирд▓реА.
- рдПрдХреЛрдгрд┐рд╕рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рдд рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рдЧреНрд░рдВрдерд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдмрд░реЛрдмрд░рдЪ рдПрдкрд┐рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдлреА, рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░, рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдХрд▓рд╛ рд╡ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрддреНрдпрд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдд рд╣реА рдкреНрд░рдЧрддреА рдЭрд╛рд▓реА. рдЕрд╢реЛрдХрди рдмреНрд░рд╛рд╣реНрдореА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЦрд░реЛрд╖реНрдареА рд▓рд┐рдкреАрдВрдЪрд╛ рдЙрд▓рдЧрдбрд╛ рдпрд╢рд╕реНрд╡реА рдард░рд▓рд╛.
- рдирд╛рдгреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдгрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рд░рд╛рдЬрдХреАрдп рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╛рдЪреА рдЪреМрдХрдЯ рддрдпрд╛рд░ рд╣реЛрдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рд╣рд╛рддрднрд╛рд░ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд▓рд╛. рднреВрд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рд╕рд░реНрд╡реЗрдХреНрд╖рдгрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд▒реНрдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЧреИрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рджрдЧрдбреА рдЕрд╡рдЬрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╢реЛрдз рд▓рд╛рд╡рд▓рд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╛рдЪрд╛ рдкрд╛рдпрд╛ рдШрд╛рддрд▓рд╛.
- резреоренрез рдордзреНрдпреЗ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрди рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡ рд╕рд░реНрд╡реЗрдХреНрд╖рдг рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧрд╛рдиреЗ рдЧреЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЕрдиреЗрдХ рджрд╢рдХрд╛рдВрдкрд╛рд╕реВрди рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рддреАрд▓ рднреМрддрд┐рдХ рдЕрд╡рд╢реЗрд╖рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╢реЛрдз рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рджрд┐рд▓реЗ рдЖрд╣реЗ.
- 18 рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ 19 рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдЖрдгрд┐ рдпрд╢ рд╡рд╕рд╛рд╣рддрд╡рд╛рджреА рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрднрд╛рдд рд░реБрдЬрд▓реЗрд▓реЗ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╣реЗ рдЗрдВрдбреЛрд▓реЙрдЬрд┐рдХрд▓ рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд╣реА рд╡реИрд╢рд┐рд╖реНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдВрдордзреВрди рд╕реНрдкрд╖реНрдЯ рд╣реЛрддреЗ:
- рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрдд рдЧреНрд░рдВрдерд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдмреНрд░рд╛рд╣реНрдордгреА рджреГрд╖реНрдЯреАрдХреЛрди рдЕрдиреЗрдХрджрд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдЪреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдмрд┐рдВрдм рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдЕрдирд╛рдХрд▓рдиреАрдпрдкрдгреЗ рдШреЗрддрд▓рд╛ рдЬрд╛рдд рдЕрд╕реЗ.
- рдкрд╛рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдорд╛рддреНрдп рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрдирд╛рддреВрди рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рдЯреАрдХрд╛ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓реА. рд╢рддрдХрд╛рдиреБрд╢рддрдХреЗ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕рдорд╛рдЬ рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░ рдЖрдгрд┐ рддреЗрдереАрд▓ рд░рд╛рдЬрдХреАрдп рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдирд┐рд░рдВрдХреБрд╢ рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рд╕рд╛рджрд░ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓реА.
- рд╡рдВрд╢, рдзрд░реНрдо рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд╛рдВрд╢рд┐рдХрддрд╛ рдПрдХрдореЗрдХрд╛рдВрд╢реА рдЧреЛрдВрдзрд│рд▓реЗрд▓реА рд╣реЛрддреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рд╡рд░ рдкрд░рдХреАрдп рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡рд╛рдЪрд╛ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡ рдЕрддрд┐рд░рдВрдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рдкреНрд░рд╡реГрддреНрддреА рд╣реЛрддреА.
- рддреЗрд╡реНрд╣рд╛рдЪ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдЪреЗ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ, рдореБрд╕реНрд▓реАрдо рдЖрдгрд┐ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯреАрд╢ рдХрд╛рд▓рдЦрдВрдбрд╛рдд рд╡рд░реНрдЧреАрдХрд░рдг рд░реБрдЬрд▓реЗ.
рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрди
рдПрдХреЛрдгрд┐рд╕рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЙрддреНрддрд░рд╛рд░реНрдзрд╛рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рд╕рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛ рд╢рддрдХрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡рд╛рд░реНрдзрд╛рдд рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╡рд┐рджреНрд╡рд╛рдирд╛рдВрдиреА рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪреА рдЬреЛрдбрд▓реЗрд▓реА рдХрдерд╛ рддрдпрд╛рд░ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдореЛрдареЗ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рджрд┐рд▓реЗ. рдЙрджрдпреЛрдиреНрдореБрдЦ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдирдВрддрд░ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рдзрд┐рдХ рдмрд│рдХрдЯ рд╣реЛрдд рдЪрд╛рд▓рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдЪрд│рд╡рд│реАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдкрд╛рд░реНрд╢реНрд╡рднреВрдореАрд╡рд░ рд▓рд┐рд╣рд┐рдгрд╛рд▒реНрдпрд╛ рдпрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдирд╛ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдпрдд: рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рд░ рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рд╕рдВрдмреЛрдзрд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рддреЗ. рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдЪреА рд░реВрдкрд░реЗрд╖рд╛ рджрд░реНрд╢рд╡рд┐рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рдЧреНрд░рдВрде, рд╢рд┐рд▓рд╛рд▓реЗрдЦ, рдирд╛рдгреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЗрддрд░ рднреМрддрд┐рдХ рдЕрд╡рд╢реЗрд╖рд╛рдВрдЪреА рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рддреА рдЧреЛрд│рд╛ рдХреЗрд▓реА.
- рд╕рд╛рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рдШрдбрд╛рдореЛрдбреАрдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рджреЗрд╢реА рдореБрд│рд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдЧреНрд░рд╣рд╛рдд рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рджреНрд╡рд╛рдирд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд▓рд┐рдЦрд╛рдгрд╛рддреАрд▓ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рд╡рд╛рджреА рд░рдВрдЧ рджрд┐рд╕реВрди рдпреЗрддреЛ. рддреНрдпрд╛рдЪреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдмрд┐рдВрдм рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕реБрд╡рд░реНрдгрдпреБрдЧрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╢реЛрдзрд╛рддреВрди рдЙрдордЯрддреЗ, рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдиреА рд╡реЗрджрд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЧреБрдкреНрдд рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдЪреЗ рдпреБрдЧ рд╡рд╛рдврд╡рд▓реЗ.
- рд░рд╛рдЬрдХреАрдп рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рд╛рдд рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рджрд┐рд▓реЗ. рджрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдг рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рд▓рд╛ рдХрдерд╛рдирдХрд╛рдд рдЖрдгрд▓реЗ рдЧреЗрд▓реЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкреНрд░рд╛рджреЗрд╢рд┐рдХ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдереЗрдЪрд╛ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рдкреБрдвреЗ рдЧреЗрд▓рд╛.
- рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рд▓рд╛ рдирд┐рд░рдВрдХреБрд╢ рд░рд╛рдЬрд╡рдЯреАрд╢рд┐рд╡рд╛рдп рдХрд╛рд╣реАрдЪ рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рдд рдирд╡реНрд╣рддреЗ рдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдиреЗрд▓рд╛ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдз рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдмрд┐рдЧрд░ рд░рд╛рдЬреЗрд╢рд╛рд╣реА рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╢реЛрдз рд▓рд╛рдЧрд▓рд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рд╛рдЬрд░рд╛ рдХреЗрд▓рд╛ рдЧреЗрд▓рд╛.
- рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдЪреЗ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ, рдореБрд╕реНрд▓реАрдо рдЖрдгрд┐ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯреАрд╢ рдХрд╛рд▓рдЦрдВрдбрд╛рдд рдЭрд╛рд▓реЗрд▓реЗ рдХрд╛рд▓рдЦрдВрдб рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рдХрд╛рдпрдо рдареЗрд╡рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓реЗ. рддреНрдпрд╛рдд ‘рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рдХрд╛рд▓рдЦрдВрдбрд╛’рдЪреЗ рд╢реМрд░реНрдп рджрд╛рдЦрд╡рд┐рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рддреБрд░реНрдХ рд╡ рдЗрд╕реНрд▓рд╛рдордЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдЧрдордирд╛рд▓рд╛ рдЖрдкрддреНрддреА рд╡ рд╢реЛрдХрд╛рдВрддрд┐рдХрд╛ рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдорд╛рдВрдбрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рд╕рд╛рдВрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рдкреНрд░рд╡реГрддреНрддреА рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдЭрд╛рд▓реА.
рдорд╛рд░реНрдХреНрд╕рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрди
резрепрелреж рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рджрд╢рдХрд╛рдд рдорд╛рд░реНрдХреНрд╕рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЙрджрдп рдЭрд╛рд▓рд╛, рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рд╕реБрд░реБрд╡рд╛рддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЙрднрд╛рд░рдгреАрдд рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡реА рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛ рдмрдЬрд╛рд╡рд▓реА.
- рдХрд╛рд▓рд╛рдВрддрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рдорд╛рд░реНрдХреНрд╕рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдиреА рд░рд╛рдЬрдХреАрдп рдХрдерд╛рдирдХрд╛рд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рднреБрддреНрд╡ рдЕрд╕рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдШрдЯрдирд╛рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░рд┐рдд рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╛рдРрд╡рдЬреА рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЖрд░реНрдерд┐рдХ рд╕рдВрд░рдЪрдирд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛, рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдд: рд╡рд░реНрдЧ рд╕реНрддрд░реАрдХрд░рдг рдЖрдгрд┐ рдХреГрд╖реА рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдзрд╛рдВрд╢реА рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдзрд┐рдд рдШрдЯрдирд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕реАрдорд╛рдВрдХрдирд╛рдХрдбреЗ рд▓рдХреНрд╖ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░рд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реЗ.
- рдорд╛рд░реНрдХреНрд╕рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдЙрдЪреНрдЪрднреНрд░реВ рдирд╕рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЧрдЯрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдЙрд▓рдЧрдбрдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рд╣рд╛рддрднрд╛рд░ рд▓рд╛рд╡рд▓рд╛, рддреНрдпрд╛рдкреИрдХреА рдХрд╛рд╣реАрдВрдирд╛ рдЕрдзреАрдирддрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЙрдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рд┐рддрддреЗрдЪрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдордирд╛ рдХрд░рд╛рд╡рд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд▓рд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛.
- рд╣реЗ рдореМрд▓реНрдпрд╡рд╛рди рд╣рд╕реНрддрдХреНрд╖реЗрдк рдЖрдгрд┐ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рджреЗрддрд╛рдирд╛ рдорд╛рд░реНрдХреНрд╕рд╡рд╛рджреА рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдЕрдиреЗрдХрджрд╛ рдкрд╛рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдорд╛рддреНрдп рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдорд╛рдирд╡рд╡рдВрд╢рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реАрдп рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рддреВрди рдШреЗрддрд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдПрдХрд░реЗрдЦреАрдп рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдореЙрдбреЗрд▓реНрд╕рд╕рд╣ рдХрд╛рдо рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдХрдбреЗ рдХрд▓ рджрд░реНрд╢рд╡рд┐рд▓рд╛.
- рдЧреНрд░рдВрде рдХрдзреА рдХрдзреА рдЕрдирд╛рдХрд▓рдиреАрдпрдкрдгреЗ рд╡рд╛рдЪрд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдд рдЕрд╕рдд, рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рдорд╕реНрдпрд╛рдЧреНрд░рд╕реНрдд рдХрд╛рд▓рдХреНрд░рдорд╛рдХрдбреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╢реИрд▓реАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡реИрд╢рд┐рд╖реНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдВрдХрдбреЗ рдЕрдкреБрд░реЗ рд▓рдХреНрд╖ рджрд┐рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рдд рдЕрд╕реЗ. рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡реАрдп рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рддреАрдЪрд╛ рд╕рдорд╛рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдд рдЖрд▓рд╛, рдкрд░рдВрддреБ рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдХрдердирд╛рдЪреА рдореВрд▓рднреВрдд рдЪреМрдХрдЯ рдордЬрдХреВрд░рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░рд┐рдд рд░рд╛рд╣рд┐рд▓реА.
- рд╕реБрд░рд╡рд╛рддреАрд▓рд╛ рд╡рд░реНрдЧрд╛рд╡рд░ рд▓рдХреНрд╖ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░рд┐рдд рдХрд░рдгреЗ рдореНрд╣рдгрдЬреЗ рдЬрд╛рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рд▓рд┐рдВрдЧ рдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рд╕реНрддрд░реАрдХрд░рдгрд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЗрддрд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдХрдбреЗ рдХрдореА рд▓рдХреНрд╖ рджреЗрдгреЗ. рдзрд░реНрдо рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрддреА рдмрд╛рдЬреВрд▓рд╛ рд╕рд╛рд░рд▓реА рдЧреЗрд▓реА рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рдпрд╛рдВрддреНрд░рд┐рдХрд░рд┐рддреНрдпрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ-рдЖрд░реНрдерд┐рдХ рд░рдЪрдиреЗрдЪреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдмрд┐рдВрдм рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдорд╛рдВрдбрд▓реА рдЧреЗрд▓реА.
рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдлрд░рдХ рдЕрд╕реВрдирд╣реА, рдкреНрд░рдореБрдЦ рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрдЯреЛрд░рд┐рдУрдЧреНрд░рд╛рдлрд┐рдХ рд╢рд╛рд│рд╛рдВрдордзреНрдпреЗ рд╕рдорд╛рдирддрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рд╣реЛрддреА. рдпрд╛ рд╢рд╛рд│рд╛рдВрдЪреА рдХрд╛рд╣реА рддрддреНрддреНрд╡реЗ рднрд░рднрд░рд╛рдЯреАрд╕ рдпреЗрдд рдЖрд╣реЗрдд. рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд╛рд╣реА рдореВрд▓рднреВрдд рд╡рд╛рд╕реНрддреВ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкрджреНрдзрддреА рдЖрдЬрд╣реА рдЯрд┐рдХреВрди рдЖрд╣реЗрдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рд╕рд╛рд░рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рддрд┐рд╕рд▒реНрдпрд╛ рдЬрдЧрд╛рддреАрд▓ рджреЗрд╢рд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдпреБрд░реЛрдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реА рдЖрд╣реЗ. рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕реБрд░реБрд╡рд╛рддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдордзреНрдпрдпреБрдЧреАрди рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдЪреА рдЖрд╡рд╛рд╣рдиреЗ рдЕрдиреЗрдХрджрд╛ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░рд╡рд╛рджреА рдХрд┐рдВрд╡рд╛ рд╕рд╛рдВрдкреНрд░рджрд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рдЕрдЬреЗрдВрдбреНрдпрд╛рдВрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░реЗ рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдХреЗрд▓реА рдЬрд╛рддрд╛рдд. рд╕реБрд░реБрд╡рд╛рддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдд рдорд╛рд░реНрдХреНрд╕рд╡рд╛рджреА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрди рд╣реА рдПрдХ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡реА рд╢рдХреНрддреА рдЖрд╣реЗ.
рднрд╡рд┐рд╖реНрдпрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдкреНрд░рдЧрддреА
- рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдХреЛрдареЗ рдЙрднрд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗ, рд╣реЗ рд╕рдордЬреВрди рдШреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд░реНрддрдорд╛рдирд╛рддреАрд▓ рд╡реИрдЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕реИрджреНрдзрд╛рдВрддрд┐рдХ рдЪреМрдХрдЯреАрдВрдЪреЗ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдЖрдгрд┐ рдорд░реНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рдУрд│рдЦрдгрд╛рд░реЗ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд▓реЗрдЦрдирд╛рдЪреЗ рдЯреАрдХрд╛рддреНрдордХ рдЖрдХрд▓рди рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рддрдерд╛рдкрд┐, рднрд╡рд┐рд╖реНрдпрд╛рддреАрд▓ рдкреНрд░рдЧрддреА рд╣реА рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрдорд╛рди рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрдЯреЛрд░рд┐рдУрдЧреНрд░рд╛рдлрд┐рдХ рд╕реНрдерд┐рддреА рдЖрдгрд┐ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдкрджреНрдзрддреАрдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╕реАрдорд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдкрд▓реАрдХрдбреЗ рдЬрд╛рдКрди рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рдгрд╛рдо рдЕрд╕рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рд╢рдХреНрдпрддрд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗ.
- рд╕рдзреНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪреА рджреЛрди рд╕рдорд╛рдВрддрд░ рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░реЗ рдЖрд╣реЗрдд – рдПрдХ рд╡рд╛рдЩреНрдордпреАрди рд╕реНрд░реЛрддрд╛рдВрд╡рд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд, рджреБрд╕рд░реА рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рд╛рд╡рд░. рдЧреНрд░рдВрде рдЖрдгрд┐ рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░ рд╡реЗрдЧрд╡реЗрдЧрд│реНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░рдЪреЗ рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдЖрдЦреНрдпрд╛рди рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдХрд░рддрд╛рдд. рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдпрдд: рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡реАрдп рдкреБрд░рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╡рд╛рдкрд░ рдкреБрд╖реНрдЯреАрд╕реНрддреНрд░реЛрдд рдореНрд╣рдгреВрди рдХрд░рддрд╛рдд рдЬреЗрд╡реНрд╣рд╛ рддреЗ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдЧреНрд░рдВрдерд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╡реЗрдЪрдирд╛рд╡рд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдкрд░рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛рдВрд╢реА рдЬреБрд│рддреЗ. рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдВрдиреА рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡реАрдп рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдкрд░рд┐рдгрд╛рдорд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдкреБрд░реЗрд╕рд╛ рд╢реЛрдз рдШреЗрддрд▓реЗрд▓рд╛ рдирд╛рд╣реА.
- рдЭрдкрд╛рдЯреНрдпрд╛рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рдврдгрд╛рд▒реНрдпрд╛ рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡реАрдп рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рддреАрдореБрд│реЗ рдорд┐рд│рдгрд╛рд░реА рдорд╛рд╣рд┐рддреА рд▓рдХреНрд╖рд╛рдд рдШреЗрддрд╛ рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдЖрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдпрд┐рдХрд╛ рдпрд╛рдкреБрдвреЗ рдордЬрдХреВрд░рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░рд┐рдд рд░рд╛рд╣реВ рд╢рдХрдд рдирд╛рд╣реАрдд. рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрддреНрд╡реАрдп рдкреБрд░рд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рд╕рдорд╛рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рдмрд░реЛрдмрд░рдЪ рдЧреНрд░рдВрдердЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдХрдбреЗ рдкрд╛рд╣рдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдкрд░рд┐рд╖реНрдХреГрдд рджреГрд╖реНрдЯрд┐рдХреЛрди рдЕрд╕рд╛рд╡рд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрддреЛ. рдпрд╛рдореБрд│реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪреА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдмрд╛рд░рдХрд╛рдИрдиреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдорд╛ рддрдпрд╛рд░ рд╣реЛрдИрд▓.
- рд╕реБрд░реБрд╡рд╛рддреАрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддрд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдЙрдкрдЦрдВрдбрд╛рддреАрд▓ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдз рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢ рд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╕рдореБрджрд╛рдпрд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдзрддреЗрдд рдЖрджрд░реНрд╢рдкрдгреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдирд┐рдзрд┐рддреНрд╡ рдХреЗрд▓реЗ рдкрд╛рд╣рд┐рдЬреЗ. рддрдерд╛рдкрд┐, рдорд╣рд╛рди рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреА рд╣реГрджрдпрдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЗ рдЪрд╛рдВрдЧрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░реЗ рджрд░реНрд╢рд╡рд┐рд▓реА рдЧреЗрд▓реА рдЖрд╣реЗрдд, рдкрд░рдВрддреБ рдмрд░реНрдпрд╛рдЪ рдкреНрд░рджреЗрд╢рд╛рдВрдЪреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдирд┐рдзрд┐рддреНрд╡ рдирд╛рд╣реА. рддреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдгрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдкрд╛рд╣рд┐рдЬреЗрдд. рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рдзрд┐рдХ рд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╛рдд рдЖрдгрдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдЙрдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЙрдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдЕрд╕рд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рдЧрдЯрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рдЙрд▓рдЧрдбрд╛ рдХрд░рдгреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛рдареА рдкреБрдврд╛рдХрд╛рд░ рдШреЗрдгреНрдпрд╛рдЪреА рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХрддрд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗ. рд╣реЗ рд╕реЛрдкреЗ рдирд╛рд╣реА, рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдВрдирд╛ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рд╕реНрддреНрд░реЛрдд рд╕рд╛рдордЧреНрд░реАрдЪрд╛ рдореЛрдард╛ рднрд╛рдЧ рдЙрдЪреНрдЪрднреНрд░реВ рдЧрдЯрд╛рдВрдиреА рддрдпрд╛рд░ рдХреЗрд▓рд╛ рдЖрд╣реЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рддреНрдпрд╛рдВрдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрд▓реНрдкрдирд╛ рдЖрдгрд┐ рдЖрд╡рдбреА рдирд┐рд╡рдбреА рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдмрд┐рдВрдмрд┐рдд рдХрд░рддреЛ. рддрд░реАрд╣реА рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд╛рдкрд╛рд╕реВрди рд▓рдкрд▓реЗрд▓реНрдпрд╛ рд▓реЛрдХрд╛рдВрдЪрд╛ рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│ рдЙрд▓рдЧрдбреВрди рд▓рд┐рд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдкрд╛рд╣рд┐рдЬреЗ рдЖрдгрд┐ рд╣рд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рднреВрддрдХрд╛рд│рд╛рдЪреНрдпрд╛ рдХрдердирд╛рдЪрд╛ рдЕрд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЬреНрдп рднрд╛рдЧ рдмрдирд▓рд╛ рдкрд╛рд╣рд┐рдЬреЗ.